GAA17CA032

NTSB accident investigation · Smith AEROSTAR601 · Carrollton, GA · October 20, 2016

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
October 20, 2016, 11:10 local (15:10 UTC)
Place
Carrollton, GA
Injuries
1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Enroute
Aircraft
N601UKSmith AEROSTAR601
Defining event
Enroute-cruise: Fuel exhaustion
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report January 18, 2017
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20161020020249A
Case key
94250

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot's failure to verify the usable fuel in the fuel tanks, which resulted in an inaccurate fuel totalizer setting during preflight, fuel exhaustion, and a total loss of engine power.

Findings · 5

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Planning/preparation: fuel planningPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotSmith AEROSTAR 601P: 1 caseAll aircraft: 719 casesProbable cause
Fuel system: fuel indication systemAircraft › Aircraft systems · Incorrect use/operationSmith AEROSTAR 601P: 1 caseAll aircraft: 30 casesProbable cause
Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Inadequate inspectionSmith AEROSTAR 601P: 3 casesAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotSmith AEROSTAR 601P: 4 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause
Performance/control parameters: descent rateAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedSmith AEROSTAR 601P: 1 caseAll aircraft: 242 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that the purpose of the flight was to reposition the airplane to another airport for refuel. During preflight, he reported that the airplane's two fuel gauges read "low," but the supplemental electronic fuel totalizer displayed 55 total gallons. He further reported that it is not feasible to visual check the fuel quantity, because the fueling ports are located near the wingtips and the fuel quantity cannot be measured with any "external measuring device." According to the pilot, his planned flight was 20 minutes and the fuel quantity, as indicated by the fuel totalizer, was sufficient. The pilot reported that about 12 nautical miles from the destination airport, both engines began to "surge" and subsequently lost power. During the forced landing, the pilot deviated to land in grass between a highway, the airplane touched down hard, and the landing gear collapsed. The fuselage and both wings sustained substantial damage. The pilot reported no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. The pilot reported in the National Transportation Safety Board Pilot/ Operator Aircraft Accident Report that there was a "disparity" between the actual fuel quantity and the fuel quantity set in the electronic fuel totalizer. He further reported that a few days before the accident, he set the total fuel totalizer quantity to full after refueling, but in hindsight, he did not believe the fuel tanks were actually full because the wings may not have been level during the fueling. The "Preflight" chapter within the operating manual for the fuel totalizer in part states: "Digiflo-L is a fuel flow measuring system and NOT a quantity-sensing device. A visual inspection and positive determination of the usable fuel in the fuel tanks is a necessity. Therefore, it is imperative that the determined available usable fuel be manually entered into the system."

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that the purpose of the flight was to reposition the airplane to another airport for refuel. During preflight, he reported that the airplane's two fuel gauges read "low," but the supplemental electronic fuel totalizer displayed 55 total gallons. He further reported that it is not feasible to visual check the fuel quantity, because the fueling ports are located near the wingtips and the fuel quantity cannot be measured with any "external measuring device." According to the pilot, his planned flight was 20 minutes and the fuel quantity, as indicated by the fuel totalizer, was sufficient. The pilot reported that about 12 nautical miles from the destination airport, both engines began to "surge" and subsequently lost power. During the forced landing, the pilot deviated to land in grass between a highway, the airplane touched down hard, and the landing gear collapsed. The fuselage and both wings sustained substantial damage. The pilot reported no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. The pilot reported in the National Transportation Safety Board Pilot/ Operator Aircraft Accident Report that there was a "disparity" between the actual fuel quantity and the fuel quantity set in the electronic fuel totalizer. He further reported that a few days before the accident, he set the total fuel totalizer quantity to full after refueling, but in hindsight, he did not believe the fuel tanks were actually full because the wings may not have been level during the fueling. The "Preflight" chapter within the operating manual for the fuel totalizer in part states: "Digiflo-L is a fuel flow measuring system and NOT a quantity-sensing device. A visual inspection and positive determination of the usable fuel in the fuel tanks is a necessity. Therefore, it is imperative that the determined available usable fuel be manually entered into the system."

Aircraft

Registration
N601UK
Reported as
Smith AEROSTAR601 (P)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
61P-0183-012
Built
1974
Airframe hours
2,236.4
Engines
Lycoming IO-540-S1A5, 290 horsepower, reciprocatingLycoming IO-540-S1A5, 290 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · April 3, 2016
Departed
HMP · Hampton, GA
Destination
CTJ · Carrollton, GA
Equipment
Onboard weather, Auto-pilot

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
35
Injuries
None
Certificates
Commercial, Private
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Last flight review
January 24, 2016
Seat
Left
Flight hours
1,338 total · 36 in this make and model

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
Calm
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
81 °F, dew point 63 °F
Altimeter
30.10 inHg
Observed at
KCTJ, 15 nm away

Docket · 4

The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 6, 2016, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 471 KB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.