GAA17CA215

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 182 · Blue Earth, MN · April 3, 2017

Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
April 2, 2017, 22:00 local (Apr 3, 2017, 03:00 UTC)
Place
Blue Earth, MN
Injuries
2 minor, 1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Approach
Aircraft
N8889XCessna 182
Defining event
Approach-VFR pattern final: Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)
Weather
Instrument (IMC) · Night
Status
Completed · report June 20, 2017
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20170402008419A
Case key
94958

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot's decision to continue the night, visual flight into instrument meteorological conditions, which resulted in controlled flight into terrain while on final approach. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's improper use of an electronic flight bag.

Findings · 5

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Performance/control parameters: altitudeAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedCessna 182D: 3 casesAll aircraft: 1,310 casesProbable cause
Indicating/recording systemsAircraft › Aircraft systems · Incorrect use/operationCessna 182D: 1 caseAll aircraft: 18 casesProbable cause
Ceiling/visibility/precip: fogEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Decision related to conditionCessna 182D: 1 caseAll aircraft: 78 cases
Ceiling/visibility/precip: below VFR minimaEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Decision related to conditionCessna 182D: 1 caseAll aircraft: 184 cases

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that, while approaching the destination airport in night, marginal visual meteorological conditions, he turned on the pilot-controlled runway lights. He added that he began a descent to the runway without observing the runway lights or airport and encountered "ground fog" about 200 to 300 ft above ground level (agl). He further added that he continued the descent to the runway while referencing the navigational moving map and GPS altitude on his electronic flight bag (EFB) application ForeFlight. Subsequently, while in a left turn, the airplane impacted terrain about 1 nautical mile south of the runway. The left wing, firewall, and fuselage sustained substantial damage. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. He added that, while en route, he reset his airplane-installed barometric pressure altimeter to the GPS altitude indicated on his EFB, which resulted in a "300 ft. error." An automated weather observing station, about 14 nautical miles west of the accident airport, recorded visibility at 2 1/2 statute miles, light rain, mist, and an overcast cloud ceiling at 300 ft agl.

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that while approaching the destination airport, in night marginal visual meteorological conditions, he turned on the pilot controlled runway lights. He added that he began a descent to the runway, without observing the runway lights or airport, and encountered "ground fog" about 200 to 300 ft. above the ground. He further added that he continued the descent to the runway while referencing the navigational moving map and GPS altitude on his electronic flight bag (EFB) application ForeFlight. Subsequently, while in a left turn, the airplane impacted terrain about one nautical mile south of the runway. The left wing, firewall, and fuselage sustained substantial damage. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. He added that while enroute, he reset his airplane installed barometric pressure altimeter to the GPS altitude indicated on his EFB, which resulted in a "300 ft. error." An automated weather observing station, about 14 nautical miles west of the accident airport, recorded visibility at 2 ½ statute miles, light rain, mist, and an overcast cloud ceiling at 300 ft. above ground.

Aircraft

Registration
N8889X
Reported as
Cessna 182 (D)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
18253289
Built
1961
Airframe hours
3,143.15
Engine
Continental O-470-L, 230 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Departed
21D · St Paul, MN
Destination
SBU · Blue Earth, MN
Airport
SBU · Blue Earth Muni, runway 34, 3,400 × 75 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Handheld GPS, Electronic flight bag or handheld device

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
67
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
September 9, 2016
Seat
Right
Flight hours
1,069.8 total · 32.8 in this make and model · 1,069.8 as pilot in command · 12.1 in the last 90 days · 7 in the last 30 days · 7 in the last 24 hours
Role
Student pilot
Age
56
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Student
Medical
Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
Seat
Left
Flight hours
35 total · 35 in this make and model

Weather

Conditions
Instrument (IMC) · Night
Wind
170° at 7 knots
Visibility
2.5 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
300 ft overcast
Temperature
48 °F, dew point 46 °F
Altimeter
29.80 inHg
Observed at
KFRM, 14 nm away

Docket · 3

The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 30, 2017, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 4.8 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.