GAA17CA372

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172RG · El Cajon, CA · June 20, 2017

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
June 20, 2017, 14:15 local (21:15 UTC)
Place
El Cajon, CA
Injuries
2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N5424VCessna 172RG
Defining event
Landing: Landing gear not configured
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report October 17, 2017
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA/ FSDO
FAA report
20170620021749A
Case key
95447

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot's failure to extend the landing gear with sufficient time to allow the landing gear to fully extend and the flight instructor's failure to visually check to see if the right main landing gear were extended.

Findings · 5

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Action: delayed actionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · Student/instructed pilotCessna 172RG: 2 casesAll aircraft: 894 casesProbable cause
Info processing/decision: identification/recognitionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · Student/instructed pilotCessna 172RG: 2 casesAll aircraft: 559 casesProbable cause
Landing gear system: gear extension and retract sysAircraft › Aircraft systems · Incorrect use/operationCessna 172RG: 10 casesAll aircraft: 416 casesProbable cause
Action: forgotten action/omissionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilotCessna 172RG: 8 casesAll aircraft: 440 casesProbable cause
Attention/monitoring: monitoring equip/instrumentsPersonnel issues › Psychological · Instructor/check pilotCessna 172RG: 2 casesAll aircraft: 142 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The flight instructor reported that, during a stage check for the commercial pilot training course, the private pilot student completed the "G.U.M.P. [gas, undercarriage, mixture, propeller] check" on downwind in the traffic pattern. He added that, before the turn to the base leg, "everything was normal, and the gear was selected down by the student." He added that he observed three green landing gear extended indication lights illuminated. He further added that, after a normal landing touchdown, when the airplane slowed to 40 knots in the ground roll, the right main landing gear collapsed, and the airplane veered off the runway to the right. He reported that he did not visually check to see if the right main landing gear were extended. The private pilot reported that, "on downwind we followed the G.U.M.P. checklist and verified that the landing gear were down. My instructor checked the right [main landing gear] and I checked the left [main landing gear]." He added that, on base, he "checked the landing lights with green [lights]." He further added that, after a normal touchdown, the right main landing gear collapsed, and the airplane veered off the runway to the right. The right elevator sustained substantial damage. The Federal Aviation Administration Aviation Safety Inspector performed a functional test of the airplane's landing gear system 1 day after the accident. The inspector observed the landing gear retracting, extending, and locking down into place "several times." He added that, during two gear extension cycles, he "simulated an air load on the right main landing gear by pulling back on it as it extended; the gear extended and locked down properly without discrepancies." According to a commercial pilot witness, while he was driving a car along an airport perimeter road, he had a "head-on-view of the aircraft landing." He added that he observed a "red and white C172RG" airplane on final approach that "appeared to not have the gear down." He added that he stopped his car and continued to watch the airplane, and as it passed off to his right, he observed the "front wheel" down and both main landing gear "hanging." He subsequently observed the airplane touch down on the left main landing gear first and then skid off the runway to the right. It is likely that the landing gear selector was moved to the "down" position on short final approach, which did not allow sufficient time for the right main landing gear to fully extend and lock into place.

Factual narrative

The flight instructor reported that, during a stage check for the commercial pilot training course, the private pilot student completed the "G.U.M.P. [gas, undercarriage, mixture, propeller] check" on downwind in the traffic pattern. He added that, before the turn to the base leg, "everything was normal, and the gear was selected down by the student." He added that he observed three green landing gear extended indication lights illuminated. He further added that, after a normal landing touchdown, when the airplane slowed to 40 knots in the ground roll, the right main landing gear collapsed, and the airplane veered off the runway to the right. He reported that he did not visually check the right main landing gear to see if it was extended. The private pilot reported that, "on downwind we followed the G.U.M.P.S checklist and verified the landing gear was down. My instructor checked the right [main landing gear] and I checked the left [main landing gear]." He added that, on base he "checked the landing lights with green [lights]." He further added that after a normal landing touchdown, the right main landing gear collapsed, and the airplane veered off the runway to the right. The right elevator sustained substantial damage. The Federal Aviation Administration Aviation Safety Inspector assigned to the accident performed a functional test of the accident airplane's landing gear system one day after the accident. The inspector observed the landing gear retracting, extending, and locking down into place "several times." He added that during two gear extension cycles, he "simulated an air load on the right main landing gear by pulling back on it as it extended; the gear extended and locked down properly without discrepancies." According to a commercial pilot witness, while he was driving a car along an airport perimeter road, he had a "head-on-view of the aircraft landing." He added that, he observed a "red and white C172RG" airplane on final approach that "appeared to not have the gear down." He added that, he stopped his car and continued to watch the airplane, and as it passed off to his right, he observed the "front wheel" down and both main landing gear were "hanging." He subsequently observed the airplane touch down on the left main landing gear first, and then skid off the runway to the right.

Aircraft

Registration
N5424V
Reported as
Cessna 172RG
Category
Airplane
Serial number
172RG0528
Built
1980
Airframe hours
12,652
Engine
Lycoming O-360-A1A6, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
California Flight Academy
Registered owner
Sorbi Aviation Inc.
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · April 27, 2017
Departed
SEE · El Cajon, CA
Destination
SEE · El Cajon, CA
Airport
SEE · Gillespie Field, runway 27R, 5,342 × 100 ft, asphalt
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
22
Injuries
None
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, With waivers/limitations
Seat
Left
Flight hours
238 total · 28 in this make and model · 117 as pilot in command · 48 in the last 90 days · 30 in the last 30 days · 1.6 in the last 24 hours
Role
Flight instructor
Age
51
Injuries
None
Certificates
Flight instructor, Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
March 27, 2016
Seat
Right
Flight hours
6,800 total · 700 in this make and model · 5,000 as pilot in command · 320 in the last 90 days · 100 in the last 30 days · 9 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
290° at 10 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
93 °F, dew point 59 °F
Altimeter
29.79 inHg
Observed at
KSEE

Docket · 5

The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 18, 2017, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 4.2 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.