GAA18CA319

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172 · San Diego, CA · June 3, 2018

Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
June 3, 2018, 14:15 local (21:15 UTC)
Place
San Diego, CA
Injuries
2 minor, 2 uninjured
Phase of flight
Taxi
Aircraft
N786SACessna 172N5762BGreat Lakes 2T1A
Defining events
Taxi-into takeoff position: Ground collisionTaxi-into takeoff position: Ground collision
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report November 5, 2018
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
Case key
97388

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The biplane pilot’s failure to see and avoid the stopped airplane.

Findings · 5

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

N786SA · Cessna 172

Attention/monitoring: monitoring other aircraftPersonnel issues › Psychological · Pilot of other aircraftCessna 172S: 12 casesAll aircraft: 231 casesProbable cause
Attention/monitoring: monitoring environmentPersonnel issues › Psychological · Pilot of other aircraftCessna 172S: 11 casesAll aircraft: 809 casesProbable cause
Physical workspace: visibilityEnvironmental issues › Task environment · Effect on personnelCessna 172S: 1 caseAll aircraft: 25 cases

N5762B · Great Lakes 2T1A

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

N786SA · Cessna 172

Ground collisionTaxi-into takeoff positionCessna 172S: 23 casesAll aircraft: 618 casesDefining event

N5762B · Great Lakes 2T1A

Analysis

The flight instructor, who was on the controls, reported that he and a student taxied for departure. Upon arrival at the departure end of the runway, there were four airplanes ahead of them in a run-up area. He added that the first airplane moved to the hold-short line and that, after he completed the engine run-up, they moved forward to the hold-short line behind the first airplane. The other three airplanes, which were biplanes, remained in the run-up area. After the departure of the first airplane, the instructor told the control tower they were ready for departure, and the tower controller replied to stand by. The tower controller then cleared the three biplanes, which were waiting in the run-up area for takeoff as a flight of three. The second biplane in the flight struck the instructor's airplane's right aileron as it taxied past. The pilot of the tailwheel-equipped biplane reported that he was the second in the flight of three. He added that the flight had been holding in the run-up area at a 45° angle to complete their run-up checks when the tower controller cleared the flight for takeoff. He began to follow the lead airplane, and his airplane struck the airplane stopped at the hold-short line. He reported that he never saw the stopped airplane until after the impact. The instructor's airplane sustained substantial damage to the right aileron. In an interview with the Federal Aviation Administration inspector, the flight instructor reported that he was not aware that the three biplanes were part of a single flight awaiting takeoff clearance. He also reported that he had never flown tailwheel airplanes and was not aware of their limited forward visibility. The flight instructor and biplane pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with their respective airplanes that would have precluded normal operation.

Factual narrative

The flight instructor, who was on the controls, reported that he and a student taxied for departure. Upon arrival at the departure end of the runway, there were four airplanes ahead of them in a run-up area. He added that the first airplane moved to the hold short line and that after he completed the engine run-up, they moved forward to the hold short line behind the first airplane. The other three airplanes, which were biplanes, remained in the run-up area. After the departure of the first airplane, the instructor told the control tower they were ready for departure and tower replied to stand by. Tower then cleared the three biplanes, who were waiting in the run-up area, for takeoff as a flight of three. The second biplane in the flight struck the instructor's airplane's right aileron as it taxied past. The pilot of the tailwheel-equipped biplane reported that he was the second in the flight of three. He added that the flight had been holding in the run-up area at a 45° angle to complete their run-up checks when ATC cleared the flight for takeoff. He began to follow the lead airplane and his airplane struck the airplane stopped at the hold short line. He reported that he never saw the stopped airplane until after the impact. The instructional airplane sustained substantial damage to the right aileron. In an interview with the Federal Aviation Administration inspector, the flight instructor reported that he was not aware that the three biplanes were part of a single flight awaiting takeoff clearance. He also reported that he had never flown tailwheel airplanes and was not aware of their limited forward visibility. The flight instructor and biplane pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with their respective airplanes that would have precluded normal operation.

Aircraft · 2

Registration
N786SA
Reported as
Cessna 172 (S)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
172S8830
Built
2001
Airframe hours
9,388.4
Engine
Lycoming IO-360-L2A, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
Westwind School of Aeronautics
Registered owner
Hatchett, Pete C.
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · May 16, 2018
Departed
MYF · San Diego, CA
Destination
DVT · Phoenix, AZ
Flight plan
VFR
Airport
MYF · Montgomery-Gibbs Executive
Equipment
Auto-pilot

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Registration
N5762B
Reported as
Great Lakes 2T1A (2)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
0833
Built
1980
Airframe hours
1,421.3
Engine
Continental, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
No damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Aerobatic
Last inspection
Annual · May 4, 2018
Departed
MYF · San Diego, CA
Airport
MYF · Montgomery-Gibbs Executive
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 3

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Flight instructor, aircraft N786SA
Age
29
Injuries
Minor
Certificates
Commercial, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
January 5, 2018
Seat
Right
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
1,006.7 total · 832.7 in this make and model · 876.9 as pilot in command · 236.1 in the last 90 days · 60.7 in the last 30 days · 3.7 in the last 24 hours
Role
Pilot, aircraft N786SA
Age
28
Injuries
None
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
May 8, 2018
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
206.6 total · 78.3 as pilot in command · 30.5 in the last 90 days · 3.2 in the last 30 days
Role
Pilot, aircraft N5762B
Age
52
Injuries
Minor
Certificates
Flight instructor, Commercial, Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
January 28, 2017
Seat
Rear
Restraint
5-point
Flight hours
4,471 total · 76 in this make and model · 3,821 as pilot in command · 12 in the last 90 days · 8 in the last 30 days · 1 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
300° at 10 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
75 °F, dew point 55 °F
Altimeter
29.88 inHg
Observed at
KMYF

Docket · 5

The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 28, 2018, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 5.3 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 2

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.