GAA18CA531

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA44 · Centralia, IL · September 2, 2018

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
September 2, 2018, 14:20 local (19:20 UTC)
Place
Centralia, IL
Injuries
2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N2204XPiper PA44
Defining event
Landing: Landing gear not configured
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report March 20, 2020
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20180902012919A
Case key
98242

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot receiving instruction's failure to extend the landing gear and the flight instructor's failure to verify that the landing gear was extended before landing. Contributing to the accident was the flight instructor’s delayed remedial action and distraction.

Findings · 5

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Action: forgotten action/omissionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilotPiper PA-44-180: 8 casesAll aircraft: 440 casesProbable cause
Action: forgotten action/omissionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · Student/instructed pilotPiper PA-44-180: 8 casesAll aircraft: 440 casesProbable cause
Action: delayed actionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilotPiper PA-44-180: 4 casesAll aircraft: 894 casesProbable cause
Attention/monitoring: attentionPersonnel issues › Psychological · Instructor/check pilotPiper PA-44-180: 2 casesAll aircraft: 226 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The flight instructor in the twin-engine airplane reported that, during the second simulated single-engine failure approach, the pilot under instruction reduced the left engine power setting to 12 inches of manifold pressure, which activated the landing gear auditory warning horn. On downwind, the student performed the prelanding checks and asked the instructor if he should deploy the landing gear. The instructor told the student to delay the action and deploy the landing gear during the final landing checks because the student was struggling to maintain altitude. Shortly after turning to final, the student performed the final landing checks and provided verbal cues of completion but did not include the landing gear check. The instructor stated that he was distracted and focused on corrections because the student was struggling to maintain altitude and the runway centerline during the final approach. The instructor did not verify that the gear was extended. During the landing flare, the instructor realized that the landing gear was not extended, and he immediately took the controls. He leveled the airplane and landed on the runway with the gear retracted. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the engines. The instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Factual narrative

The flight instructor in the twin-engine airplane reported that, during the second simulated single engine failure approach, the pilot under instruction reduced the left engine power setting to 12 inches of manifold pressure, which activated the landing gear auditory warning horn. On downwind, the student performed his prelanding checks and asked the instructor if he should deploy the landing gear. Since the student was struggling to maintain altitude, the student was instructed to delay the action, and deploy the landing gear during the final landing checks. Shortly after turning final, the student performed the final landing checks and provided verbal cues of completion but did not include the landing gear check. The instructor added that he was distracted and focused on corrections because the student was struggling to maintain altitude and the runway centerline during the final approach. The instructor did not verify the gear was extended. During the landing flare, the instructor realized the landing gear was not extended and he immediately took controls. He leveled the airplane and landed on the runway with the gear retracted. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the engines. The flight instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Aircraft

Registration
N2204X
Reported as
Piper PA44 (180)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
44-7995281
Built
1979
Airframe hours
10,084.3
Engines
Lycoming LO 360 E1A6D, 180 horsepower, reciprocatingLycoming O 360-E1A60, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
Airgo Inc
Registered owner
Airgo Inc
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Unknown · August 17, 2018
Departed
ENL · Centralia, IL
Destination
ENL · Centralia, IL
Airport
ENL · Centralia Muni, runway 18, 5,001 × 75 ft, asphalt
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Flight instructor
Age
63
Injuries
None
Certificates
Airline transport, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Medical
Class 1, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
February 28, 2018
Seat
Right
Flight hours
5,612.7 total · 185.3 in this make and model · 5,231.3 as pilot in command · 294.8 in the last 90 days · 140.1 in the last 30 days · 6.5 in the last 24 hours
Role
Student pilot
Age
21
Injuries
None
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Seat
Left

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
200° at 7 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Temperature
90 °F, dew point 73 °F
Altimeter
30.11 inHg
Observed at
KENL

Docket · 2

The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 5, 2019, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 1.2 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.