GAA20CA089

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172 · DuBois, PA · November 17, 2019

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
November 17, 2019, 17:30 local (22:30 UTC)
Place
DuBois, PA
Injuries
2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N683SPCessna 172
Defining event
Landing-aborted after touchdown: Loss of engine power (total)
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report May 21, 2020
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20191117018489A
Case key
100607

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot's improper fuel management, which resulted in fuel starvation and a total loss of engine power, and his subsequent improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing. Contributing to the accident were the pilot's improper preflight inspection during which he failed to see that the right fuel cap was not secured.

Findings · 6

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid managementCessna 172S: 2 casesAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause
Performance/control parameters: landing flareAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedCessna 172S: 99 casesAll aircraft: 1,285 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: use of equip/systemPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotCessna 172S: 14 casesAll aircraft: 1,391 casesProbable cause
Inspection: preflight inspectionPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotCessna 172S: 2 casesAll aircraft: 551 casesProbable cause
Action: lack of actionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · PilotCessna 172S: 14 casesAll aircraft: 792 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that the airplane was refueled while he performed the preflight inspection at night. He recalled that the fuel selector had been set to "both," and about halfway through the flight, he noticed that the right fuel tank appeared full but that the left fuel gauge indicated that fuel was being consumed from the left tank. He decided that he would "check the situation " when he reached his destination. About 5 miles from his destination, he noticed that the left-wing tank fuel quantity indicator showed that the left tank had 5 gallons remaining and that the right tank was still full. The pilot stated that, during the approach, the airplane became "very unstable and seemed to be uncoordinated." The stall warning horn sounded, and he applied left aileron and left rudder to align the airplane's heading with the runway heading but was unsuccessful. He aborted the landing, established a climb, and retracted the flaps. The Low Fuel warning light illuminated, and he switched the fuel selector to the right tank. The engine lost power, and he made a right tear drop turn back to the runway. When the airplane was about 1,000 ft above ground level, he pitched for best glide airspeed, about 70 knots, and he attempted to restart the engine to no avail. He lowered the nose, the airspeed increased to 85 knots, and he added 20° of flaps and landed on the runway. The airplane bounced hard and then came to a stop. After the accident, it was determined that the right fuel cap was not secured and had fallen off the airplane onto the runway during takeoff. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the lower fuselage longerons. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that the airplane was refueled while he performed the pre-flight inspection at night, but the right fuel tank fuel cap was not secured. He recalled that the fuel selector had been set to Both, and about halfway through the flight, he noticed that the right fuel tank appeared full, but the left fuel gauge indicated that fuel was being consumed from the left tank. He decided that he would, "check the situation out" when he reached his destination. About 5 miles from his destination, he noticed that the left wing tank fuel quantity indicator showed that the left tank had 5-gallons remaining, and that the right tank was still full. During approach, the airplane became, "very unstable and seemed to be uncoordinated." The stall warning horn sounded, and he applied left aileron and left rudder to align the airplane's heading with the runway heading but was unsuccessful. He aborted the landing, established a climb and retracted the flaps. The Low Fuel warning light illuminated, and he switched the fuel selector to the right tank. The engine lost power, and he made a right tear drop turn back to the runway. The airplane was about 1,000ft above ground level, and he pitched for best glide airspeed about 70 knots, and he attempted to restart the engine, but the engine did not start. He lowered the nose, the airspeed increased to 85 knots and he put in 20° of flaps and landed on the runway. The airplane bounced hard and returned to the runway before coming to a stop. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the lower fuselage longerons. The pilot reported that there were no mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Aircraft

Registration
N683SP
Reported as
Cessna 172 (S)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
172S8094
Built
1999
Airframe hours
6,938.8
Engine
Lycoming IO-360-L2A, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Operator
Hobart Aviation Inc
Registered owner
Hobart Aviation Inc
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · October 29, 2019
Departed
AKR · Akron, OH
Destination
AKR · Akron, OH
Airport
DUJ · Dubois Rgnl, runway 25, 5,503 × 100 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Stall warning system, Electronic flight bag or handheld device, Auto-pilot, ADS-B

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
20
Injuries
None
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
October 5, 2019
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
103 total · 48 in this make and model · 18 as pilot in command · 13 in the last 90 days · 7 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
130° at 10 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
36 °F, dew point 25 °F
Altimeter
30.01 inHg
Observed at
KDUJ

Docket · 2

The files NTSB released with the investigation on February 7, 2020, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 4.9 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.