LAX08CA237

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172 · Salmon, ID · July 21, 2008

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
July 21, 2008, 15:40 local (21:40 UTC)
Place
Salmon, ID
Injuries
1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Initial climb
Aircraft
N9912QCessna 172
Defining event
Initial climb: Loss of control in flight
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report January 22, 2009
Report
Approved by Office Director
Parties
Federal Aviation Administration
FAA report
20080721840599A
Case key
68494

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot's decision to take off in known adverse wind conditions that lead to an encounter with a windshear, the resulting inability of the pilot to maintain airspeed, and a stall/mush into the terrain.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Wind: gustsEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Contributed to outcomeCessna 172M: 26 casesAll aircraft: 1,199 casesProbable cause
Performance/control parameters: airspeedAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedCessna 172M: 24 casesAll aircraft: 1,681 casesProbable cause
Wind: windshearEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Contributed to outcomeCessna 172M: 2 casesAll aircraft: 90 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported gusty wind conditions prior to his takeoff. During the takeoff initial climb out, the wind shifted and the airplane was not able to maintain altitude. The airplane landed hard beyond the departure end of the runway and the nose landing gear folded back into the airplane causing damage to the firewall. In the pilot's written statement he reported that he should not have been in such a hurry to take off and that if he would have departed 10 minutes earlier or later the winds would not have affected the takeoff. Archived AWOS weather for the airport at 1535 reported winds from 190 degrees at 7 knots. At 1515 winds were reported to be from 210 degrees at 8 knots gusting to 32 knots. Winds reported at 1555 were from 250 degrees at 14 knots gusting to 31 knots; with the winds varying in direction from 210 degrees to 280 degrees.

Factual narrative

The pilot stated that shortly after takeoff, the airplane was struck by "severe windshear," which "slammed" the airplane into the ground at the departure end of the runway. He reported that the airport's AWOS (Automated Weather Observation System) was not working at the time of the accident. He taxied his airplane toward the runway, where he waited for an airplane to land. He taxied onto the active runway and departed for a local area airport. The pilot established the airplane on a best rate of climb (Vy) for the initial climb out. About 100 feet above the ground, the airplane encountered the windshear. The pilot stated that his first reaction was to pull back, and maintain the Vy airspeed. Eventually he had to change to the best angle of climb (Vx) to stay in the air. The airplane was not able to maintain altitude and impacted the ground. The nose landing gear folded back into the airplane, which caused structural damage to the firewall. The pilot stated that prior to takeoff the winds were "gusting in various directions of differing magnitude." The departure sock showed variable light gusts. Shortly after takeoff the windsock switched directions and intensity. The pilot reported that the winds were variable at 17 knots gusting to 18 knots.

Archived AWOS weather for the airport at 1535 reported winds from 190 degrees at 7 knots. At 1515, winds were reported to be from 210 degrees at 8 knots, gusting to 32 knots. Winds reported at 1555 were from 250 degrees at 14 knots, gusting to 31 knots; with variable winds from 210 degrees to 280 degrees.

In the Recommendation (How could this accident have been prevented?) section of the National Transportation Safety Board Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident/Incident Report (NTSB Form 6120.1), the pilot stated that he should not have been in a hurry and waited for the winds to become consistent. He further reported that if he had departed 10 minutes earlier or later it would likely have made a difference on takeoff.

Aircraft

Registration
N9912Q
Reported as
Cessna 172 (M)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
17265856
Airframe hours
8,301
Engine
Lycoming O-320, 150 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Operator
Scott Patrick
Registered owner
Scott Patrick
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Utility; Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · February 1, 2008 · 33 hours before
Departed
SMN · Salmon, ID
Destination
SMN · Salmon, ID
Airport
SMN · Lemhi County, runway 35, 5,150 × 60 ft, asphalt

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
23
Injuries
None
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Single-engine sea
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
September 1, 2007
Seat
Left
Flight hours
1,580 total · 500 in this make and model · 1,450 as pilot in command · 220 in the last 90 days · 90 in the last 30 days · 8 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
190° at 7 knots
Visibility
9 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
90 °F, dew point 46 °F
Altimeter
29.88 inHg
Observed at
SMN

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.

Other investigations on N9912Q · 1

Matched to the same aircraft by N-number and date.