MIA01FA077

The fuel tanks were filled 2 days before the accident and the airplane had been operated for approximately 2.1 hours since fueling before the accident pilot flew the airplane. The accident pilot flew the airplane to another airport where 1 of the 2 passengers on board deplaned; the flight duration was approximately 20-30 minutes and was uneventful according to the passenger who deplaned. The pilot flew the accident airplane to the original departure airport where he performed 1 touch-and-go landing followed by a second touch-and-go landing. During the initial climb after the second touch-and-go landing, the pilot advised the controller that he was landing on a golf course and the engine had quit. The airplane clipped the top of a tree on a fairway of the golf course, then touched down on the fairway. During the landing roll the airplane collided with a stand of palm trees resulting in a postcrash fire. Examination of the flight controls revealed no evidence of preimpact failure or malfunction. The engine was placed on a test stand with the slightly impact damaged propeller and impact damaged carburetor; the engine was found to operate normally. The carburetor had been previously converted from one part number to another; an economizer restrictor was installed that was not specified to be installed. The carburetor was flow tested which revealed that the carburetor flowed within limits at 1 test point and an average of 6.2 pounds per hour greater than specified at the remaining four test points. Calculations indicated that the engine/propeller rpm at touchdown on the fairway was 872. Postaccident testing of fuel from the facility that fueled the airplane last revealed the fuel was within specification.

History of flight

On February 13, 2001, about 1816 eastern standard time, a Cessna 182J, N979ND, registered to Apex Aviation, Inc., experienced a loss of engine power shortly after takeoff from the Witham Field Airport, Stuart, Florida, and collided with trees following a forced landing on the Martin County Golf & Country Club golf course. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed for the 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight. The airplane was destroyed by postcrash fire and the private-rated pilot, and pilot-rated passenger were fatally injured. The flight originated about 1621, from the Witham Field Airport, Stuart, Florida.

The accident pilot flew the airplane from Witham Field Airport, Stuart, Florida, to the North Palm Beach County General Aviation Airport, West Palm Beach, Florida, where one of the two passengers was dropped off. That flight departed Witham Field Airport at 1621:10, as determined by a transcription of communications, and was uneventful lasting approximately 20-30 minutes according to the passenger who was dropped off. The passenger further stated that a walker (walking aid device) was positioned next to him, and after landing, the pilot secured the engine but he was not sure if the pilot or other passenger exited the airplane. The passenger who was dropped off reported he did not hear the engine of the accident airplane restart nor did he witness the flight depart. It was later determined no fuel was purchased while at the North Palm Beach County General Aviation Airport.

According to a transcription of communications with the Witham Field Airport ATCT, the pilot made contact with the facility at 1803:31, and advised that the flight was approximately 7 miles southwest inbound for touch-and-go landings. The controller advised the flight to report right base for runway 12, and gave the wind and altimeter setting. The pilot acknowledged and the flight continued. At 1806:10, the controller advised the flight that the airplane was in sight and advised the flight to turn base, which was acknowledged. The flight continued and at 1807:00, the controller cleared the flight for a touch-and-go landing with left hand traffic pattern; this transmission was acknowledged. The flight continued and at 1811:59, the controller cleared the flight for another touch-and-go landing which was acknowledged by the pilot. The transcription of communication further indicates that at 1815:20, the pilot-in-command advised the controller, "ah niner november delta got a niner november delta niner november deltas landing on the golf course." The controller questioned if the engine had quit to which the pilot responded, "...we've lost our engine." There were no further recorded communication with the ATCT from the pilot. An acquaintance of the pilot verified by listening to a copy of the voice tape that the communications from the airplane contained in this paragraph were from the pilot-in-command.

Several witnesses reported hearing the engine either "sputter", "backfire", or misfire when the flight was climbing out along the length of runway 12. One of the witnesses who is a mechanic reported hearing the engine misfiring when the airplane was climbing out at the intersection of runway 12 and taxiway "C." The airplane leveled off at 100 feet and the engine quit misfiring. He then heard the engine "running rough again", and observed the airplane turning for what he thought was to return to the airport. Several of the witnesses stated that the airplane banked left then lost sight of the airplane due to obstructions. They then heard an impact and observed a fireball.

According to a flight medic who spoke with the pilot-in-command (PIC) after the accident, the PIC reported that the engine quit. The flight medic also stated that the PIC reported that he attempted numerous times to rescue the passenger but was unable. Copies of the witness statements are an attachment to this report.

Personnel information

The pilot-in-command who was seated in the left seat was the holder of a private-rated pilot certificate with ratings airplane single engine land, multi-engine land, instrument airplane. The multi-engine was limited to VFR only. He was issued a third class medical certificate on December 10, 1999, with the limitation that he must have available glasses for near vision. His medical application indicated he had accumulated a total time of 425 hours. Review of his pilot logbook that begins with an entry dated January 7, 1980, and ends with an entry dated January 22, 1999, revealed that he logged a total flight time of approximately 363 hours, of which, approximately 92 hours were in the accident airplane. His logbook reflects a gap in flying with one entry dated October 1984, and the next entry line dated April 1994. Records provided by Apex Aviation, Inc., indicate that he was billed for 75.8 hours of flight time between January 1999, and January 2001.

The passenger who was seated in the right seat was the holder of a commercial pilot certificate with the ratings airplane single and multi-engine land, instrument airplane. He was also the holder of a certified flight instructor (CFI) certificate with the ratings airplane single and multi-engine, instrument airplane. His flight instructor certificate was scheduled to expire February 28, 2002. His second class medical certificate was issued on August 28, 1998. His wife reported that he had accumulated a total flight time of approximately 5,000 hours and stopped logging flight time on February 17, 2000.

Aircraft information

The airplane was last inspected in accordance with a 100-hour inspection that was signed off on October 3, 2000. The airplane time since the inspection was not determined.

Meteorological information

A METAR weather observation taken at the Witham Field Airport at 1817, indicates that the wind was from 110 degrees at 7 knots. The visibility was 15 statute miles, scattered clouds existed at 4,000 and 15,000 feet. The temperature and dew point were approximately 72 degrees and 66 degrees, respectively. The altimeter setting was 30.25 inHg.

Communications

The pilot was in contact with the Stuart Air Traffic Control Tower. A transcription of communications is an attachment to this report.

Wreckage and impact information

The airplane crashed onto the Martin County Golf and Country Club golf course, Stuart, Florida. The crash site was located at 27 degrees 10.98 minutes North latitude and 080 degrees 12.72 minutes West longitude. That location when plotted was located approximately 071 degrees and .56 nautical mile from the center of the Witham Field Airport.

Examination of the accident site revealed the top of a tree was damaged approximately 35 feet above ground level. A ground scar made by all landing gears was noted on the grass of a fairway and was located approximately 160 feet laterally from the damaged tree. The ground scar made by the nose landing gear was not centered on the ground scars made by both main landing gears; it was closer to the right main landing gear. A rut in the ground approximately 5 inches deep and 10 feet in length was associated with the nose landing gear which separated from the airplane and was found forward of the rut. Seven slash marks nearly perpendicular to the ground scar were noted beginning at the end of the rut made by the nose landing gear. The distance between the first and second ground scars measured 3 feet 5 inches (see TESTS AND RESEARCH SECTION of this report). A distance of approximately 34 feet was noted between the end of the first ground scar made by the nose landing gear and the beginning of the second ground scar from the remains of the nose landing gear. The airplane slid across a concrete sidewalk and impacted a palm tree with the left wing. Another tree impact was noted with the right wing. The airplane came to rest