MIA99LA051

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172M · Okeechobee, FL · December 19, 1998

Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
December 19, 1998, 13:11 local (18:11 UTC)
Place
Okeechobee, FL
Injuries
2 uninjured
Phase of flight
Approach
Aircraft
N9295HCessna 172MN98KKLet L-13
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report February 16, 2001
Report
Approved by Office Director
Case key
45488

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The inadequate visual lookout of the pilot of the Cessna airplane and of the pilot of the glider resulting in the midair collision.

The inadequate visual lookout of the pilot of the Cessna airplane and of the pilot of the glider resulting in the midair collision.

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

Midair collisionApproach - vfr pattern - final approach
Visual lookout - inadequatePilot in commandCause
Visual lookout - inadequatePilot of other aircraftCause
Midair collisionApproach - vfr pattern - final approach
Visual lookout - inadequatePilot in commandCause
Visual lookout - inadequatePilot of other aircraftCause

Analysis

The pilot of the Cessna reported entering the traffic pattern on a left downwind for runway 13, and at that time he observed the glider on the upwind leg for runway 13. The pilot of the Cessna turned left base and final, announced these legs, and while on final approach at 500 feet, he felt an impact. He continued the approach and landed uneventfully. The pilot of the glider reported that after release, the flight descended to the traffic pattern altitude and entered left downwind, left base and final; announcing all legs. While on final approach at 200 feet to the grass runway, he felt an impact then noted that the Cessna pulled ahead and to his left, and landed on the paved surface of the runway. The glider was landed on the grass runway. The vertical stabilizer of the Cessna was displaced to the right about 45 degrees and marks on the upper surface of the left elevator were oriented at a 45 degree angle to the longitudinal axis of the airplane. The lower surface of the left wintgtip of the glider was displaced up and the right lower side of the fuselage was damaged.

The pilot of the Cessna reported entering the traffic pattern on a left downwind for runway 13, and at that time he observed the glider on the upwind leg for runway 13. The pilot of the Cessna turned left base and final, announced these legs, and while on final approach at 500 feet, he felt an impact. He continued the approach and landed uneventfully. The pilot of the glider reported that after release, the flight descended to the traffic pattern altitude and entered left downwind, left base and final; announcing all legs. While on final approach at 200 feet to the grass runway, he felt an impact then noted that the Cessna pulled ahead and to his left, and landed on the paved surface of the runway. The glider was landed on the grass runway. The vertical stabilizer of the Cessna was displaced to the right about 45 degrees and marks on the upper surface of the left elevator were oriented at a 45 degree angle to the longitudinal axis of the airplane. The lower surface of the left wintgtip of the glider was displaced up and the right lower side of the fuselage was damaged.

Factual narrative

Narrative same as MIA99LA051A.

On December 19, 1998, about 1311 eastern standard time, a Cessna 172M, N9295H, registered to a private individual, and a Let L-13 glider, N98KK, registered to Mid Florida Soaring Association, collided while on final approach to the Okeechobee County Airport, Okeechobee, Florida. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed for either flight. The Cessna flight was operating under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91, as an instructional flight and the glider was operating under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91, as a personal flight. The Cessna airplane was substantially damaged and the student pilot, the sole occupant, was not injured. The glider was substantially damaged and the private-rated pilot, the sole occupant, also was not injured. The Cessna flight originated about 41 minutes earlier from the Charlotte County Airport, Punta Gorda, Florida. The glider flight originated about 15 minutes earlier from the Okeechobee County Airport.

The pilot of the Cessna airplane stated that when the flight was about 20 miles from the destination airport, he monitored the UNICOM frequency and noted that runway 13 was the active runway. The flight continued then when about 5 miles from his destination, he announced his position on the UNICOM frequency. He entered the traffic pattern at 1,000 feet msl, at a 45-degree angle midfield position for a left downwind for runway 13, which he announced. At that time he observed the glider on the upwind leg. The Cessna flight continued then turned left base, which was announced, and at that point in the flight, he heard the pilot of the glider announce that his flight was on a left downwind for runway 13. The Cessna flight turned left base then final, which he announced on the frequency; and he observed the glider abeam his position at a higher altitude. While on final approach about 500, he felt an impact on the empennage and realized he had no rudder control. He continued the approach, landed uneventfully on the paved runway, then taxied the airplane to the ramp. The vertical stabilizer was displaced about 45 degrees to the right, and the left elevator exhibited red paint transfer and an indentation on the upper surface at about a 45-degree angle from the longitudinal axis about midspan of the control surface. Also an indentation oriented in the same direction was found on the upper surface near the outboard portion of the elevator.

The pilot of the glider stated that the flight was towed to 1,500 feet, released, then circled three to four times southeast of the field, to enter the traffic pattern at the proper altitude. He reported hearing the Cessna pilot announce that his aircraft was on the downwind leg for runway 13, but reported that he did not hear any other radio calls from the pilot of the Cessna airplane. He turned left downwind, base when at a 45-degree angle to the runway, then onto final approach to the grass runway. He announced all legs while in the pattern on the UNICOM frequency using a portable VHF transceiver. While on final approach to the grass runway which is located west of runway 13, he heard and felt an impact at about 200 feet. He observed that the Cessna was pulling away to his left and had landed on the paved runway. He continued the approach and landed on the grass runway. Damage to the right side of the fuselage along a stringer was noted and the lower section of the wing tip was displaced upwards.

Aircraft · 2

Registration
N9295H
Reported as
Cessna 172M
Category
Airplane
Serial number
17266075
Airframe hours
6,763
Engine
Lycoming O-320-E2D, 150 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Registered owner
Sanne Arnfast
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal; Standard, Utility
Last inspection
Annual · November 19, 1998 · 22 hours before
Departed
PGD · Punta Gorda, FL
Destination
OBE
Airport
OBE · Okeechobee County

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Registration
N98KK
Reported as
Let L-13
Category
Glider
Serial number
027155
Airframe hours
697
Engine
unknown
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Registered owner
Mid Florida Soaring Asscn
Airworthiness certificate
Special, Experimental (Special)
Last inspection
Annual · January 11, 1998 · 97 hours before
Departed
OBE
Airport
OBE · Okeechobee County

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot, aircraft N9295H
Age
47
Certificate
Student
Medical
Class 3, Valid Medical--w/ waivers/lim
Seat
Left
Flight hours
38 total · 35 in this make and model · 20 in the last 90 days · 10 in the last 30 days · 2 in the last 24 hours
Role
Pilot, aircraft N98KK
Age
59
Certificates
Private, Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 3, Valid Medical--w/ waivers/lim
Seat
Front
Flight hours
1,425 total · 9 in this make and model · 1,144 as pilot in command · 14 in the last 90 days · 14 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
130° at 10 knots
Visibility
7 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
9,000 ft broken
Altimeter
30.00 inHg
Observed at
FPR, 29 nm away

FAA reports on this event · 2

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.