WPR20CA066

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA 23 · Helena, MT · January 8, 2020

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
January 8, 2020, 16:00 local (23:00 UTC)
Place
Helena, MT
Injuries
1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Takeoff
Aircraft
N1428PPiper PA 23
Defining event
Takeoff: Collision during takeoff/land
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report June 16, 2020
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Western Pacific Region
FAA report
20200108003339A
Case key
100820

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot's improper decision to attempt an off-airport departure from rough terrain without inspecting the takeoff area, which resulted in a collision with a shallow rut during takeoff and the nose landing gear collapsing.

Findings · 3

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Planning/preparationPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotPiper PA-23: 2 casesAll aircraft: 113 casesProbable cause
Terrain: rough terrainEnvironmental issues › Physical environment · Effect on operationPiper PA-23: 2 casesAll aircraft: 442 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The flight instructor reported that, during an instructional flight in a twin-engine airplane, which included feathering and unfeathering the left engine in flight, the left engine would not restart. The airplane was unable to maintain altitude and reach the destination airport, so he landed the airplane on a field about 1/2 mile from the airport. After the instructor successfully started the engine on the ground, the student pilot walked back to the airport, while the instructor decided to attempt an off-airport departure from the frozen ground with 4-inch-tall alfalfa stubble. He chose a takeoff path that didn't have any visible obstructions, which he estimated would allow for a 3,000-ft-long ground roll. He then taxied to the edge of the field, held the brakes, applied full power to the engines, and released the brakes, and the airplane began to move. About 700 ft into the ground roll, the airplane impacted a shallow rut from an irrigation pivot, and the nose landing gear collapsed, which resulted in substantial damage to the forward fuselage. The pilot reported that his decision to take off from the field was poor because he made it without first walking the takeoff terrain.

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that during an instructional flight in a twin-engine airplane he made a successful landing to a stubble field approximately one half mile from their destination airport following a failed mid-air engine restart. After successfully starting the engine on the ground, the student walked back to the airport, while the pilot decided to attempt an off-airport departure from the frozen ground with 4 inch tall alfalfa stubble. He selected a takeoff path that didn't contain any visible obstructions and that he estimated would allow for a 3,000 ft ground roll. The pilot taxied to the edge of the field, held the brakes, applied full power to the engines, released the brakes and the airplane began to move. Approximately 700 ft into the ground roll, the airplane impacted a shallow rut from an irrigation pivot and the nose landing gear collapsed, which resulted in substantial damage to the forward fuselage. In a subsequent interview, the pilot commented that his decision to depart from the field was poor as he made the decision to execute the takeoff without first walking the takeoff terrain.

Aircraft

Registration
N1428P
Reported as
Piper PA 23 (Undesignat)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
23-484
Built
1956
Airframe hours
5,051
Engines
Lycoming O-320, 150 horsepower, reciprocatingLycoming O-320, 150 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · December 16, 2019 · 12 hours before
Departed
HLN · Helena, MT
Destination
HLN · Helena, MT
Airport
HLN · Helena Rgnl

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
61
Injuries
None
Certificates
Airline transport, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
August 31, 2018
Seat
Left
Restraint
Lap only
Flight hours
8,174 total · 1,874 in this make and model · 7,939 as pilot in command · 294 in the last 90 days · 98 in the last 30 days · 7 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
230° at 7 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Temperature
39 °F, dew point 21 °F
Altimeter
29.54 inHg

Docket · 5

The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 4, 2020, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 3.7 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.