WPR24LA114

NTSB accident investigation · Mooney M20K · Farmington, CA · March 16, 2024

Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal report
Date
March 16, 2024, 13:20 local (20:20 UTC)
Place
Farmington, CA
Injuries
2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Enroute
Aircraft
N38RKMooney M20K
Defining event
Enroute: Fuel exhaustion
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed
Report
Approved by Office Director
Investigation class
Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish
NTSB office
Western Pacific Region
Parties
FAA FSDO
FAA report
20240316002279A
Case key
193957

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot’s improper preflight fuel planning that resulted in the loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Inspection: preflight inspectionPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotMooney M20K: 1 caseAll aircraft: 551 casesProbable cause
Planning/preparation: fuel planningPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotMooney M20K: 5 casesAll aircraft: 719 casesProbable cause
Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid levelMooney M20K: 9 casesAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that he intended to service the airplane with fuel at the destination airport, which had cheaper fuel and was a short distance away. During the preflight inspection he observed that the low fuel indicator was illuminated for one tank, and the panel gauge for the other indicated it was ¼ full, which he estimated would equate to about 20 about gallons. He cross-checked the levels with the airplanes fuel totalizer system, which indicated 20 gallons of fuel remained. While enroute, the pilot noticed the fuel gauge level dropping faster than he anticipated, and a short time later the engine lost all power due to fuel exhaustion. The pilot performed a forced landing onto a dirt road in farmland, after maneuvering the airplane under a power line. The airplane struck fence on roll-out and sustained substantial damage to both wings. The pilot and passenger were not injured. The pilot reported there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. The airplanes low fuel indicators illuminate when about 2 ½ gallons of fuel remain in their respective tanks. Each tank holds about 9 gallons of fuel when ¼ full, rather than the 20 gallons the pilot had estimated. The pilot stated that he had mistakenly used the airplanes total fuel capacity of about 76 gallons when making that calculation, rather than half the value that a single tank could hold. He also stated that he may not have properly adjusted the totalizer the last time he serviced the airplane with fuel, hence its reading was not accurate. He stated that because the totalizer and fuel tank gauge readings were similar, due to confirmation bias he concluded that sufficient fuel remained. The pilot stated that he is risk averse, and conservative in nature and has never departed with the low fuel light on before but, he surmised, the cheaper fuel at the destination likely influenced his decision to proceed with the flight.

Aircraft

Registration
N38RK
Reported as
Mooney M20K
Category
Airplane
Serial number
25-1059
Built
1986
Airframe hours
3,378
Engine
Continental TSIO-360-MB, 210 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · November 1, 2023 · 10 hours before
Departed
AUN · Auburn, CA
Destination
O27 · Oakdale, CA
Airport
NONE · Field
Equipment
Stall warning system, Auto-pilot, ADS-B

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
58
Injuries
None
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
July 10, 2022
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
825.3 total · 383.7 in this make and model

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
Calm
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
70 °F, dew point 36 °F
Altimeter
29.99 inHg
Observed at
KSCK, 14 nm away
METAR
METAR KSCK 161955Z 00000KT 10SM CLR 21/02 A2999 RMK AO2 SLP156 T02110022=

Docket · 2

The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 24, 2024, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 3.8 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.