WPR24LA212

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA31 · Lemoore, CA · June 18, 2024

Accident · Minor injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal report
Date
June 18, 2024, 10:00 local (17:00 UTC)
Place
Lemoore, CA
Injuries
2 minor
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Enroute
Aircraft
C-GJBGPiper PA31
Defining event
Enroute-cruise: Fuel related
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed
Report
Approved by Office Director
Investigation class
Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish
NTSB office
Western Pacific Region
Parties
Federal Aviation Administration
Case key
194548

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot’s improper in-flight decision making which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion and a subsequent emergency landing.

Findings · 5

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Planning/preparation: fuel planningPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotAll aircraft: 719 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: use of equip/systemPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotAll aircraft: 1,391 casesProbable cause
Info processing/decision: identification/recognitionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · PilotAll aircraft: 559 casesProbable cause
Info processing/decision: decision making/judgmentPersonnel issues › Action/decision · PilotAll aircraft: 3,098 casesProbable cause
Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid levelAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The left-seated pilot stated that she was recently hired with the operator and was new to flying survey operations. The right-seated pilot was training her for survey operations. They filed a flight plan for a 5-hour survey flight and filled the fuel tanks full. After takeoff, the fuel selector was set to the outboard tanks and after 1 hour and 50 minutes, the inboard tanks were selected. After another 2 hours and 20 minutes, the pilot noticed lower-than-expected fuel on the gauges and opted to end the flight early. Approximately 10 minutes after turning back, the engines had intermittent power loss and were sputtering due to low fuel. The pilot made a request to land at a nearby Naval Base and declared an emergency. The controller communicated runway 14L was closed. The pilot approached runway 14R and noticed people and objects on the runway. They were redirected to land on another runway, but the airplane was too low and touched down on grass. The airplane continued the landing roll into a security fence, damaging the fuselage and both wings. The pilot reported there were no pre-impact mechanical malfunctions or failures that precluded normal operation.

Aircraft

Registration
C-GJBG
Reported as
Piper PA31
Category
Airplane
Serial number
31-7612033
Built
1976
Airframe hours
12,384.9
Engines
Lycoming T10-540-A2B, 310 horsepower, turbo propLycoming T10-540-A2B, 310 horsepower, turbo prop
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Aerial observation · Part 91
Registered owner
Terraquest LTD.
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · May 10, 2024
Departed
MAE · Madera, CA
Destination
Same as departure
Flight plan
VFR
Airport
KNLC · Lemoore, runway 14L, 13,502 × 200 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Auto-pilot, Angle of attack indicator, Satellite tracking device, Stall warning system, Electronic flight bag or handheld device, ADS-B

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
45
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
September 1, 2023
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
1,216 total · 388 in this make and model · 686 as pilot in command · 62 in the last 90 days · 26 in the last 30 days · 0 in the last 24 hours
Role
Co-pilot
Age
26
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Seat
Right
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
400 total · 45 in this make and model · 200 as pilot in command · 53 in the last 90 days · 10 in the last 30 days · 0 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
320° at 13 knots, gusting 19
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
79 °F, dew point 36 °F
Altimeter
29.81 inHg
Observed at
KNLC, 2 nm away
METAR
KNLC 181656Z 32013G19KT 10SM FEW200 26/02 A2981 RMK SLP093 RH/20 T02610017

Docket · 2

The files NTSB released with the investigation on February 12, 2025, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 1.8 MB in all.