AC 1419IA Appendix 2 2/18/93 .
single-engine class rating and an instrument airplane rating. The instructor must also have a total of 1,ooO hours of flying time, including at least 200 hours of flight instruction.
14. CHIEF GROUND INSTRUCTOR. (If a chief ground instructor teaches a course of training, the instructor should be designated by name in the appropriate TCO. If the school’s qualifications are higher than those listed in FAR 0 141.35(e), they should be listed.)
2/18/93 AC 1411IA Appendix 2
TRAINING COURSE OUTLINE - TRAINING SYLLABUS
PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATlON COURSE AIRPLANE SINGLE-ENGINE LAND GROUND TRAINING: 37 HOURS
1. GROUND TRAINING COURSE OBJECTIVES. The student will obtain the necessary aeronautical knowledge and meet the prerequisites specified in FAR Part 61 for a private pilot written test.
2. GROUND TRAINING COURSE COMPLETION STANDARDS. The student will demonstrate through practical tests, written tests, and records that he/she meets the prerequisites specified in FAR Part 61, and has the knowledge necessary to pass the private pilot written test.
STAGE ONE - FAR AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS: 7:00 HOURS
1. STAGE ONE OBJECTIVE. To develop the student’s knowledge of the FAR, the AIM (Official Guide to Basic Flight Information and Air Traffic Control (ATC) Procedures), the AC system, National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Part 830 and Airport Facility Directory, and the kind of flight operations authorized by the private pilot certificate.
2. STAGE ONE COMPLETION STANDARD. This stage will be completed successfully when the student passes the Stage One final written examination with a grade of 80 percent.
3. LESSON NO. 1 - 2:00 HOURS.
A. Objective. During this lesson, the student will be introduced to the appropriate regulatory requirements of FAR Parts 61 and 91.
CONTENT:
(1) Airplane Registration and Airworthiness Certificate.
(2) FAR Part 1, Definitions and Abbreviations, appropriate to the private pilot.
(3) FAR Part 61.
(a) Requirements for certificates and ratings, privileges, and limitations (student and private pilot).
(b) Duration of pilot certificates.
(c) Medical certificate requirements, classes and duration.
(d) Written tests.
(e) Practical tests.
(f) Pilot logbooks and flight records, logging of pilot time.
(g) Recency of experience requirements (including biennial flight review).
(h) Private pilot privileges and limitations.
AC 14MA Appendix 2 2/18/93 : .
B. Completion Standards. The student will have successfully completed the lesson when, by oral examination, the student displays a working knowledge of the appropriate portions of FAR Parts 61 and 91 and demonstrates how to locate and use information in the rule.
4. LESSON NO. 2 - 2:00 HOURS.
A. Objective. During this lesson, Lesson No. 1 will be reviewed. The student will be instructed in the pertinent regulatory requirements of FAR Part 91 and the accident report rules of the NTSB as related to private pilot operations.
CONTENT:
(1) FAR Part 91.
General operating and flight rules.
VFR requirements.
IFR requirements (familiarization).
Maintenance, preventative maintenance and alterations, airworthiness and registration certificates.
Familiarization with Subpart D.
(2) NTSB Procedural Regulations, Part 830 - Notification and Reporting of Accidents.
B. Completion Standards. The lesson will be successfully completed when, by oral examination, the student can demonstrate how to locate and use information in the appropriate rule as related to private pilot operations and demonstrates an understanding of NTSB Part 830.
5. LESSON NO. 3 - 2:30 HOURS.
A. Objective. During this lesson, the student will be given instruction in the basic content of the AIM for VFR operations, the AC system, and airport facility directory.
CONTENT:
(1) AIM.
Air navigation radio aids.
Airport air navigation lighting and runway and taxiway marking.
Airspace, Airport Radar Service Area, Terminal Control Areas, Restricted Areas, Prohibited Areas, Warning Areas and Military Operational Areas.
Air traffic control.
Services available to pilots.
Airport operations to include high density airport operations.
Emergency procedures.
Good operating practices to include collision avoidance.
2/18/93 AC 14191A Appendix 2
(2) Airport Facility Directory.
(3) FAA AC Series 00,20, 60, 70,90, 150 and 170 (familiarization).
B. Completion Standards. The student will have successfully completed the lesson when, by oral examination and demonstration, the student displays basic knowledge of the appropriate parts of the AIM for VFR operations, Airport Facility Directory and the AC system.
6. STAGE ONE FINAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION - :30 MINUTES. (A copy of the Stage One final written examination should be included with the training syllabus when submitted to the FAA FSDO for review. The examination should be comprehensive and contain questions on information covered during this stage.)
STAGE TWO - NAVIGATION: 9:OO HOURS
1. STAGE TWO OBJECTIVE. To develop the student’s ability to plan and plot a VFR cross-country flight using pilotage, dead reckoning and radio navigation.
2. STAGE TWO COMPLETION STANDARD. This stage will be completed successfully when the student passes the Stage Two f&l written examination with a grade of 80 percent.
3. LESSON NO. 1 - 2:00 HOURS.
A. Objective. During this lesson, the student will be instructed in the operation of aircraft radios and the use of radio phraseology with respect to ATC facilities. The flight computer will be introduced along with the basic use of aeronautical charts.
CONTENT:
(1) Radio communications.
0a 0 0C
(d) 0e 0
(8) 09 0i Operation of the communications radio equipment.
Ground control.
Tower.
Automatic Terminal Information Service.
Flight Service Station (FSS or AFSS).
UNICOM.
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency.
Technique and phraseology.
ATC light signals.
(2) Flight computer/calculator face.
(a) Time.
m speed-
AC 141-IA Appendix 2 2/18/93 . . . .
(c) Distance.
(d) Fuel consumption.
(3) VFR navigation.
(a) Aeronautical charts.
(b) Measurement of courses.
(c) Pilotage.
B. Completion Standards. The student will have successfully completed the lesson when, by oral examination and demonstration, the student displays basic knowledge of radio communications, ATC facilities and aeronautical charts. The student will be able to solve elementary problems on the flight computer.
4. LESSON NO. 2 - 2:30 HOURS.
A. Objective. During this lesson, the student will be instructed in the fundamentals of navigation, the operation of navigational radio equipment, and advanced problems on the flight computer.
CONTENT:
(1) VFR navigation.
(a) Pilotage.
(b) Dead reckoning.
(2) Operation of the navigational radio equipment.
(a) VOR.
(b) ADF.
(c) Use of radio aids.
(3) Flight computer/calculator.
(a) Determination of wind correction angle and true heading.
(b) Determination of ground speed.
(c) Review, time, speed, distance, and fuel consumption problems.
B. Completion Standards. The student will have successfully completed the lesson when, by oral examination and demonstration, the student displays a basic knowledge of navigation and the use of radio aids. The student will be able to solve fundamental and advanced problems on the flight computer.
2/18/93 AC 14LlA Appendix 2
5. LESSON NO. 3 - 290 HOURS.
A. Objective. Lesson Tko will be reviewed. Advanced radio navigational problems, emergency procedures with respect to cross-country flying and flight planning will be introduced.
CONTENT:
(1) Review Lesson Wo.
(2) Use of ADF.
(3) Radar.
(4) Use of VOR.
(5) Emergency procedures.
(a) Diversion to an alternate.
(b) Lost procedures, including use of radar and DF instructions.
(c) In-flight emergencies, including forced landings.
(6) Transponder and Mode C.
(7) Distance Measuring Equipment (DME).
(8) Review flight planning.
(9) Review flight computer.
B. Completion Standards. This lesson will be completed when, by oral examination and demonstration, the student displays a working knowledge of radio navigation procedures, emergency procedures and solving of flight computer/calculator problems.
6. LESSON NO. 4 - 2:00 HOURS.
A. Objective. During this lesson, the student will be instructed in advanced flight planning, review of flight computer problems, and will be introduced to aeromedical factors related to flight and general safety precautions. At this time, the school procedures for cross-country training flights will be introduced.
(1) Flight planning.
(2) Review flight computer.
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(3) Aeromedical factors related to flight.
0a 0 0C (a 0e (0 (49 0 Fatigue.
Hypoxia.
Hyperventilation.
Alcohol.
Drugs.
Vertigo, spatial disorientation and motion sickness.
Carbon monoxide poisoning.
Middle ear and sinus problems.
(4) General safety.
0a Collision avoidance precautions.
0 Wake turbulence avoidance.
w Fire - in the air and on the ground.
(d) Use of fire extinguishers (halon).
0e Ground handling of aircraft.
(5) School procedures for redispatching flights after unscheduled stops.
(6) Obtaining maintenance away from the home base.
B. Completion Standards. This lesson will be completed when, by oral examination and demonstration, the student displays knowledge of medical factors related to flight, general safety procedures, and school policy and procedures for cross-country training flights.
7. STAGE TWO FINAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION - :30 MINUTES. (A copy of the Stage Two final written examination, along with its passing standards, should be included with the training syllabus when submitted to the FAA FSDO for review. The examination should be comprehensive and contain questions on information covered during this stage.)
STAGE THREE - WEATHER: 7:00 HOURS
1. STAGE THREE OBJECTIVE. To develop the ability to recognize critical weather situations fi-om the ground and in flight, and become familiar with procedures and use of appropriate aeronautical weather reports and forecasts.
2. STAGE THREE COMPLETION STANDARDS. The student will have successfully completed this stage when he/she passes the Stage Three final written examination with a grade of at least 80 percent.
2/18/93 AC 1419lA Appendix 2
3. LESSON NO. 1 - 290 HOURS.
A. Objective. During this lesson, the student will be instructed in the fundamentals of weather as associated with the operation of aircraft, CONTENT:
(1) Aviation weather basics.
(a) Atmospheric layers (inversions).
(b) Pressure.
(c) Circulation.
(d) Temperature and moisture.
(e) Stability and lapse rates.
(f) Turbulence.
(g) Clouds.
(2) Air masses.
(3) Fronts.
(4) Aircraft icing.
(5) Thunderstorms.
B. Completion Standards. This lesson will be completed when, by oral examination, the student demonstrates fundamental knowledge of aviation weather.
4. LESSON NO. 2 - 2:30 HOURS.
A. Objective. Lesson No. 1 will be reviewed. The interpretation and use of weather reports, forecasts, aviation broadcasts and the obtaining of weather briefings will be introduced.
CONTENT:
(1) Review Lesson No. 1.
(2) Aviation weather reports - procurement and use.
(a) Hourly sequence reports.
(b) Special surface reports.
(c) Pilot reports.
(d) Radar reports.
(3) Aviation weather broadcasts - procurement and use.
(a) Transcribed weather broadcasts.
AC 14191A Appendix 2 2/18/93
(b) In-flight weather advisories.
(4) Weather briefings.
(5) Review requirements of regulations for VFR flight.
(6) Aviation weather forecasts.
(a) Area forecasts.
(b) Terminal forecasts.
(c) Wind-aloft forecasts and reports and windshear.
(d) Weather charts.
(e) Pilot weather reports.
(f) SIGMET’s and AIRMET’s.
(7) Use of the DUAT
(a) Location identifiers.
(b) Filing flight plans.
(c) Notices to Airmen (NOTAM’s).
B. Completion Standards. The lesson will be completed when, by oral examination and demonstration, the student displays the ability to interpret and use aviation weather reports and forecasts and can obtain a weather briefing directly from an AFSS or through the use of DUAT.
5. LESSON NO. 3 - 2:00 HOURS.
A. Objective. This lesson will consist of a review of the previous two lessons and instruction in the use of Coordinated Universal Time (UK), in-flight weather advisories and weather recognition.
CONTENT:
(1) Review Lessons No. 1 and 2.
(2) UTC.
(3) In-flight weather advisories.
(4) Weather recognition - from the ground and inflight.
B. Completion Standards. This lesson will be completed when, by oral examination, the student displays a working knowledge of UTC and in-flight aviation weather advisories.
2/18/93 AC 141~1A Appendix 2
6. STAGE THREE FINAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION - :30 MINUTES. (A copy of the Stage Three final written examination should be included with the training syllabus when submitted to the FAA FSDO for review. The examination should be comprehensive and contain questions on information covered during this stage.)
STAGE FOUR - FLIGHT FUNDAMENTALS AND AIRPLANE SYSTEMS: 1390 HOURS
1. STAGE FOUR OBJECTIVE. To develop the student’s knowledge to operate an airplane safely in high density airport operations, using collision avoidance precautions and radio communication procedures.
2. STAGE FOUR COMPLETION STANDARDS. This stage will be successfully completed when the student passes the Stage Four final written examination with a grade of 80 percent.
3. LESSON NO. 1 - 2:30 HOURS.
A. Objective. During this lesson, the student will be instructed in the fundamentals of flight basic aerodynamics, including load factors.
CONTENT:
(1) Forces action on an airplane in flight.
(a) Lift.
(b) Weight
(c) Thrust.
(d) Drag.
(2) Airfoils.
(a) Angle of incidence.
(b) Angle of attack.
(c) Bernoulli’s Principle.
(3) Factors affecting lift and drag.
(a) Wing area,
(b) Airfoil shape.
(c) Angle of attack.
(d) Airspeed.
(e) Air density.
(4) Functions of the controls.
(a) Axis of rotation - longitudinal, lateral and vertical.
(b) Primary controls - ailerons, elevators and rudder.
AC 14101A Appendix 2 2/18/93
(c) Secondary controls - trim tabs.
(d) Flaps and other high lift devices.
(5) Stability.
(a) Static stability.
(b) Dynamic stability.
(6) Loads and load factors.
(a) Effect of bank angle on stall speed.
(b) Effect of turbulence on load factor.
(c) Effect of speed on load factor.
(d) Effect of load factor on stall speed.
B. Completion Standards. This lesson will be successfully completed when, by oral examination, the student displays a basic understanding of the fundamentals of flight, basic aerodynamics, and load factors.
4. LESSON NO. 2 - 290 HOURS.
A. Objective. During this lesson, Lesson No. 1 will be reviewed. The student will be instructed in the basic maneuvers of flight.
CONTENT:
(1) Straight and level flight.
(a) Pitch, bank and yaw.
(b) Trim.
(c) Integrated use of outside reference and flight instruments.
(2) Level turns.
(a) Forces in a turn.
(b) Aileron yaw.
(c) speed of roll.
(d) Slips and skids.
(e) Integrated use of outside reference and flight instruments.
(3) Climbs and climbing turns.
(a) Gyroscopic action.
(b) Asymmetrical loading of propeller (“P” factor).
(c) Slipstream rotation.
(d) Torque effect.
(e) Best rate of climb airspeed.
2/18/93 AC 14191A Appendix 2
(f) Best angle of climb airspeed.
(g) Trim.
(4) Glides and gliding turns.
(a) Effect of high lift devices.
(b) Most efficient glide speed.
(c) Coordination.
(d) Trim.
(5) Descents with power.
(a) Power settings and airspeeds.
(b) Trim.
B. Completion Standards. The student will have successfully completed the lesson when, by means of a practical test, the student displays a basic understanding of the fundamentals of flight presented in this lesson and in previous flight training.
5. LESSON NO. 3 - 2:00 HOURS.
A. Objective. During this lesson, the student will be instructed in the use of the pilot’s operating handbooks, flight manuals and weight and balance. Fundamental flight training maneuvers will be introduced.
CONTENT:
(1) Use of data in pilot’s operating handbook or FAA-approved AFM.
(a) Takeoff and landing distances.
(b) Fuel consumption and related charts.
(c) Maximum range power settings; maximum endurance power settings.
(d) Operating limitations, handbooks/manuals.
(2) Weight and balance.
(a) Terms and definitions.
(b) Effects of abnormal balance.
(c) Finding loaded weight.
(d) Finding center of gravity; when weight is shifted; when weight is added or removed. Aircraft equipment list.
(3) Flight at minimum controllable airspeed.
(4) stalls.
(a) Theory of stalls.
(b) Power-on stalls.