AC 29-2C

Change 9

Advisory circular · Certification of Transport Category Rotorcraft

Approved
June 23, 2023
Last reviewed
June 29, 2023
Family
AC 29-2 · 13 versions
Revision
C, Change 9
14 CFR parts
29

Guidance, not mandatory unless a rule or AD requires it. DRS record last changed October 23, 2026.

Show pages 1310–1321
Page 1322Open in PDF

AC 2/4/2016 Note: Not all ATA chapters or subchapters have been included. Also, the italicized entries are not usually included in the failure condition description but in the systems description or assumptions section.

29-2C, Chg 7 ATA 26-00-00 - FIRE PROTECTION ATA Function Description Failure Condition (FC) Phase of Operation Effect of the Failure on the Aircraft, Crew and Occupants Classification of the FC Notes (assumptions) Supporting Material Verification Method Unannunciat ALL A substantial reduction in ed loss of safety margins would fire exist due to the latency of detection in the failure increasing the the cargo or risk of an actual fire baggage going undetected.

compart­ ment. Aircrew workload would not be affected.

26-20 Fire Extinguish­ ing Provide fire Loss of fire ALL A slight reduction of suppression of suppression safety margin due to engine fire in engine indication to the cockpit zone. compart­ ment on (single and dual engine).

and the limited exposure of the failure condition.

Figure AC 29 MG 21-1. Generic Examples by ATA.

Page MG 21 - 22

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ATA 28-00-00 – FUEL ATA Function Description Failure Condition (FC) Phase of Operation Effect of the Failure on the Aircraft, Crew and Occupants Classification of the FC Notes (assumptions) Supporting Material Verification Method 2841 Fuel Quantity Loss of fuel quantity indication (single and dual engine).

ALL Slight increase in pilot workload as the pilot must estimate remaining fuel from the last fuel quantity reading.

Loss of low fuel level warning (single and dual engine).

ALL Aircraft safety margins will decrease slightly.

Combination loss of qty indication and low fuel level warning (single and dual engine).

ALL Substantial reduction in safety margins with the loss of all fuel quantity indications.

Significant aircrew workload due to the need to change the planned flight and find a suitable landing site before approximated fuel starvation.

Figure AC 29 MG 21-1. Generic Examples by ATA.

Page MG 21 - 23

Page 1324Open in PDF

AC 29-2C, Chg 7 2/4/2016 Note: Not all ATA chapters or subchapters have been included. Also, the italicized entries are not usually included in the failure condition description but in the systems description or assumptions section.

ATA 28-00-00 – FUEL ATA Function Description Failure Condition (FC) Phase of Operation Effect of the Failure on the Aircraft, Crew and Occupants Classification of the FC Notes (assumptions) Supporting Material Verification Method Misleading ALL Fuel quantity fuel qty indicating more fuel indication than actual quantity.

(single and Large reduction in dual engine). aircraft safety margins due to low fuel warning indicator as the only means of fuel starvation prevention.

Aircrew workload increases substantially due to unexpected low fuel annunciation.

Misleading ALL Fuel quantity fuel quantity indicating more fuel indication and than actual quantity.

loss of low fuel warning A substantial reduction (single and in safety margins due dual engine). to sudden and unexpected loss of engine power.

Aircrew may not being able to continue safe flight and landing.

Figure AC 29 MG 21-1. Generic Examples by ATA.

Page MG 21 - 24

Page 1325Open in PDF

ATA 28-00-00 – FUEL ATA Function Description Failure Condition (FC) Phase of Operation Effect of the Failure on the Aircraft, Crew and Occupants Classification of the FC Notes (assumptions) Supporting Material Verification Method 2822 Fuel Boost Pump Loss of pump (single engine).

ALL Aircraft safety margins reduced to a level at which continued safe fight and landing is not guaranteed due to loss of required fuel pressure to maintain engine operation (engine stoppage).

Aircrew workload reaches a level of not being able to continue safe flight and landing due fuel starvation and resulting engine stoppage; must conduct autorotation.

Loss of pump ALL Loss of fuel flow to (dual engine one engine results in a [CAT A]). significant reduction in safety margins.

Aircrew workload significantly increases due to transition to Category A OEI flight procedures.

Figure AC 29 MG 21-1. Generic Examples by ATA.

Page MG 21 - 25

Page 1326Open in PDF

AC 29-2C, Chg 7 2/4/2016 Note: Not all ATA chapters or subchapters have been included. Also, the italicized entries are not usually included in the failure condition description but in the systems description or assumptions section.

ATA 28-00-00 – FUEL ATA Function Description Failure Condition (FC) Phase of Operation Effect of the Failure on the Aircraft, Crew and Occupants Classification of the FC Notes (assumptions) Supporting Material Verification Method 2843 Fuel Temperature Indicator Loss of fuel temp indication.

ALL A slight reduction of safety margin due to indication to the cockpit and the limited exposure of the failure condition.

Analysis and Test Misleading fuel temp.

ALL A large reduction in safety margins or functional capabilities.

Analysis and Test ATA 29-00-00 – HYDRAULIC POWER ATA Function Description Failure Condition (FC) Phase of Operation Effect of the Failure on the Aircraft, Crew and Occupants Classification of the FC Notes (assumptions) Supporting Material Verification Method 29-10 Hydraulic System, Main Loss of hydraulic pressure.

ALL A slight reduction of safety margin due to indication to the cockpit and the limited exposure of the failure condition.

A significant increase in pilot workload that tasks, such as precision flight, cannot be accurately conducted.

Analysis and Text Figure AC 29 MG 21-1. Generic Examples by ATA.

Page MG 21 - 26

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2/4/2016 A C 29-2C, Chg 7

Figure AC 29 MG 21-1. Generic Examples by ATA.

Page MG 21 - 27

Page 1328Open in PDF

AC 29-2C, Chg 7 2/4/2016 Note: Not all ATA chapters or subchapters have been included. Also, the italicized entries are not usually included in the failure condition description but in the systems description or assumptions section.

ATA 34-00-00 - NAVIGATION ATA Function Description Failure Condition (FC) Phase of Operation Effect of the Failure on the Aircraft, Crew and Occupants Classification of the FC Notes (assumptions) Supporting Material Verification Method 3416 Altimeter Total loss of ALL altitude indication in IFR.

ALL Aircrew workload increases to a level at which continued safe flight and landing is not guaranteed due to unknown height above the ground; no external cues.

Analysis and Test Total loss of ALL altitude indication in night VFR.

ALL Aircrew workload substantially increases due to unknown height above the ground; low external cues.

Misleading indication and/or malfunction of the altitude in IFR.

ALL Aircrew workload increases to a level at which continued safe flight and landing is not guaranteed due to unknown height above the ground; no external cues.

Analysis and Test Figure AC 29 MG 21-1. Generic Examples by ATA.

Page MG 21 - 28

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ATA 34-00-00 - NAVIGATION ATA Function Description Failure Condition (FC) Phase of Operation Effect of the Failure on the Aircraft, Crew and Occupants Classification of the FC Notes (assumptions) Supporting Material Verification Method Misleading indication and/or malfunction of the altitude indication in night VFR.

ALL Aircrew workload increases to a level at which continued safe flight and landing is not guaranteed due to unknown height above the ground; no indication to use external cues.

Analysis and Test 3414 Airspeed Indicator Total loss of ALL airspeed indication in IFR.

ALL The reduction in safety margins and functional capability in the system may prohibit continued safe flight and landing.

Analysis Total loss of ALL airspeed indication in VFR – night.

ALL The loss of critical information will result in a large reduction in safety margins and functional capability.

Aircrew workload may increase to a level such that they could not be relied upon to perform tasks accurately or completely.

Analysis and Test Figure AC 29 MG 21-1. Generic Examples by ATA.

Page MG 21 - 29

Page 1330Open in PDF

AC 29-2C, Chg 7 2/4/2016 Note: Not all ATA chapters or subchapters have been included. Also, the italicized entries are not usually included in the failure co ndition description but in the systems description or assumptions section.

ATA 34-00-00 - NAVIGATION ATA Function Description Failure Condition (FC) Phase of Operation Effect of the Failure on the Aircraft, Crew and Occupants Classification of the FC Notes (assumptions) Supporting Material Verification Method Misleading indication and/or malfunction of the airspeed in IFR.

ALL Aircrew workload may increase to a level such that they could not be relied upon to perform tasks accurately or completely.

Analysis and Test Misleading indication and/or malfunction of the airspeed in VFR – night.

ALL Aircrew workload may increase to a level such that they could not be relied upon to perform tasks accurately or completely.

Analysis and Test 3421 Attitude Total loss of ALL attitude indication in IFR.

ALL The reduction in safety margins and functional capability in the system may prohibit continued safe flight and landing.

Analysis Total loss of ALL attitude indication in VFR – night.

ALL Aircrew workload may increase to a level such that they could not be relied upon to perform tasks accurately or completely.

Analysis and Test Figure AC 29 MG 21-1. Generic Examples by ATA.

Page MG 21 - 30

Page 1331Open in PDF

ATA 34-00-00 - NAVIGATION ATA Function Description Failure Condition (FC) Phase of Operation Effect of the Failure on the Aircraft, Crew and Occupants Classification of the FC Notes (assumptions) Supporting Material Verification Method Misleading indication and/or malfunction of attitude in IFR.

ALL The reduction in safety margins and functional capability in the system may prohibit continued safe flight and landing.

Analysis Misleading indication and/or malfunction of attitude in VFR – night.

ALL Aircrew workload may increase to a level such that they could not be relied upon to perform tasks accurately or completely.

Analysis and Test 3420 Heading Total loss of ALL heading indication in IFR.

ALL Aircrew workload significantly increases due to utilizing alternate methods to determine heading (NAV radios, ATC assistance, etc.)

Analysis and Test Total loss of ALL heading indication in VFR – night.

ALL Aircrew workload significantly increases due to utilizing alternate methods to determine heading (NAV radios, ATC assistance, etc.)

Analysis and Test Figure AC 29 MG 21-1. Generic Examples by ATA.

Page MG 21 - 31

Page 1332Open in PDF

AC 29-2C, Chg 7 2/4/2016 Note: Not all ATA chapters or subchapters have been included. Also, the italicized entries are not usually included in the failure condition description but in the systems description or assumptions section.

ATA 34-00-00 - NAVIGATION ATA Function Description Failure Condition (FC) Phase of Operation Effect of the Failure on the Aircraft, Crew and Occupants Classification of the FC Notes (assumptions) Supporting Material Verification Method Misleading indication and/or malfunction of the heading in IFR.

ALL Aircrew workload substantially increases to a level at which the crew cannot accurately complete tasks due to utilizing alternate methods to determine heading (NAV radios, ATC assistance, etc.).

Analysis and Test Misleading indication and/or malfunction of the heading in VFR – night.

ALL Aircrew workload substantially increases to a level at which the crew cannot accurately complete tasks due to utilizing alternate methods to determine heading (NAV radios, ATC assistance, etc.).

Analysis and Test 3400 Navigation System Total loss of all navigation information in IFR.

ALL Aircrew workload significantly increases to a level at which the crew cannot accurately complete tasks.

Analysis Total loss of all navigation information in VFR – night.

ALL Aircrew workload significantly increases to a level at which the crew cannot accurately complete tasks.

Figure AC 29 MG 21-1. Generic Examples by ATA.

Page MG 21 - 32

Page 1333Open in PDF

ATA 34-00-00 - NAVIGATION ATA Function Description Failure Condition (FC) Phase of Operation Effect of the Failure on the Aircraft, Crew and Occupants Classification of the FC Notes (assumptions) Supporting Material Verification Method Misleading indication and/or malfunction of the navigation in IFR.

ALL Continued safe flight is not guaranteed due to misleading navigation information resulting in terrain or obstacle impact.

Analysis and Test Misleading indication and/or malfunction of the navigation in VFR – night.

ALL Continued safe flight is not guaranteed due to misleading navigation information resulting in terrain or obstacle impact.

Analysis and Test Figure AC 29 MG 21-1. Generic Examples by ATA.

Page MG 21 - 33