SUBPART D - DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
GENERAL
Page No.
AC 29.601 DesignD-1
AC 29.602 Critical PartsD-2
AC 29.603 MaterialsD-4
AC 29.605 Fabrication MethodsD-5
AC 29.607 FastenersD-5
AC 29.609 Protection of StructureD-6
AC 29.610 Lightning and Static Electricity ProtectionD-7
AC 29.611 Inspection ProvisionsD-13
AC 29.613 Material Strength Properties and Design ValuesD-14
AC 29.613A Material Strength Properties and Design ValuesD-16
AC 29.619 Special FactorsD-17
AC 29.621 Casting FactorsD-17
AC 29.623 Bearing FactorsD-27
AC 29.625 Fitting FactorsD-28
AC 29.625A Fitting FactorsD-29
AC 29.629 FlutterD-29
AC 29.629A Flutter and DivergenceD-29
AC 29.631 Bird StrikeD-31
ROTORS
AC 29.653 Pressure Venting and Drainage of Rotor BladesD-32
AC 29.659 Mass BalanceD-32
AC 29.661 Rotor Blade ClearanceD-32
AC 29.663 Ground Resonance Prevention MeansD-34
AC 29.663A Ground Resonance Prevention MeansD-36
CONTROL SYSTEMS
AC 29.671 Control Systems - GeneralD-37
AC 29.672 Stability Augmentation, Automatic,D-37
and Power-Operated Systems
AC 29.673 Primary Flight ControlsD-38
AC 29.674 Interconnected ControlsD-39
AC 29.675 StopsD-39
AC 29.679 Control System LocksD-41
AC 29.681 Limit Load Static TestsD-41
AC 29.683 Operation TestsD-42
AC 29.685 Control System DetailsD-43
AC 29.687 Spring DevicesD-45
AC 29.691 Autorotation Control MechanismD-45
AC 29.695 Power Boost and Power-Operated Control SystemD-46
AC 29-2C, Chg 2 4/25/06 SUBPART D - DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (continued) Page No.
LANDING GEAR
AC 29.723 Shock Absorption TestsD-49
AC 29.725 Limit Drop TestD-52
AC 29.727 Reserve Energy Absorption Drop TestD-52
AC 29.727A Reserve Energy Absorption Drop TestD-53
AC 29.729 Retracting Mechanism, Landing GearD-53
AC 29.731 WheelsD-55
AC 29.733 TiresD-56
AC 29.735 BrakesD-58
AC 29.737 SkisD-59
FLOATS AND HULLS
AC 29.751 Main Float BuoyancyD-61
AC 29.753 Main Float DesignD-61
AC 29.755 Hull BuoyancyD-64
AC 29.757 Hull and Auxiliary Float StrengthD-65
PERSONNEL AND CARGO ACCOMMODATIONS
AC 29.771 Pilot CompartmentD-67
AC 29.773 Pilot Compartment ViewD-68
AC 29.775 Windshields and WindowsD-74
AC 29.775A Windshields and WindowsD-74
AC 29.775B Windshields and WindowsD-74
AC 29.777 Cockpit ControlsD-75
AC 29.779 Motion and Effect of Cockpit ControlsD-76
AC 29.783 DoorsD-78
AC 29.783A DoorsD-82
AC 29.785 Seats, Safety Belts, and HarnessesD-83
AC 29.785A Seats, Berths, Belts, Safety Belts, and HarnessesD-85
AC 29.785B Seats, Berths, Litters, Safety Belts, and HarnessesD-87
AC 29.787 Cargo and Baggage CompartmentsD-87
AC 29.787A Cargo and Baggage CompartmentsD-88
AC 29.801 DitchingD-88
AC 29.803 Emergency EvacuationD-97
AC 29.803A Emergency EvacuationD-97
AC 29.805 Flightcrew Emergency ExitsD-98
AC 29.805A Flightcrew Emergency ExitsD-98
AC 29.807 Passenger Emergency ExitsD-99
AC 29.807A Emergency ExitsD-100
AC 29.809 Emergency Exit ArrangementD-101
AC 29.809A Emergency Exit ArrangementD-102
AC 29.811 Emergency Exit MarkingD-103
AC 29.811A Emergency Exit MarkingD-105
SUBPART D - DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (continued)
Page No.
PERSONNEL AND CARGO ACCOMMODATIONS( continued)
AC 29.812 Emergency LightingD-106
AC 29.813 Emergency Exit AccessD-106
AC 29.815 Main Aisle WidthD-108
AC 29.831 VentilationD-109
AC 29.833 HeatersD-110
FIRE PROTECTION
AC 29.851 Fire ExtinguishersD-112
AC 29.853 Compartment InteriorsD-113
AC 29.855 Cargo and Baggage CompartmentsD-115
AC 29.855A Cargo and Baggage CompartmentsD-117
AC 29.859 Combustion Heater Fire ProtectionD-117
AC 29.861 Fire Protection of Structure, Controls, and Other PartsD-121
AC 29.861A Fire Protection of Structure, Controls, and Other PartsD-124
AC 29.863 Flammable Fluid Fire ProtectionD-124
EXTERNAL LOAD ATTACHING MEANS
AC 29.865 External Load Attaching MeansD-129
AC 29.865A External Load Attaching MeansD-134
AC 29.865B External Load Attaching Means (SEE MG 12)D-140
MISCELLANEOUS (DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION)
AC 29.871 Leveling MarksD-165
AC 29.873 Ballast ProvisionsD-165
AC 29.877 Ice ProtectionD-166
SUBPART E - POWERPLANT
GENERAL
AC 29.901 InstallationE-1
AC 29.901A InstallationE-8
AC 29.901B InstallationE-8
AC 29.903 EnginesE-9
AC 29.903A EnginesE-11
AC 29.903B EnginesE-13
AC 29.903C Turbine Engine InstallationE-13
AC 29.907 Engine VibrationE-29
AC 29-2C, Chg 2 4/25/06
SUBPART E - POWERPLANT (continued)
Page No.
GENERAL (continued)
AC 29.908 Cooling FansE-29
AC 29.908A Cooling FansE-30
ROTOR DRIVE SYSTEM
AC 29.917 DesignE-33
AC 29.917A Design .............................................................................................................................E- 34
AC 29.921 Rotor BrakeE-37
AC 29.923 Rotor Drive System and Control Mechanism TestsE-39
AC 29.923A Rotor Drive System and Control Mechanism TestsE-45
AC 29.923B Rotor Drive System and Control Mechanism TestsE-52
AC 29.923C Rotor Drive System and Control Mechanism TestsE-53
AC 29.927 Additional TestsE-54
AC 29.927A Additional TestsE-56
AC 29.931 Shafting Critical SpeedsE-58
AC 29.935 Shafting JointsE-63
AC 29.939 Turbine Engine Operating CharacteristicsE-63
FUEL SYSTEM
AC 29.951 Fuel System - GeneralE-66
AC 29.952 Fuel System Crash Resistance .......................................................................................E- 68
AC 29.953 Fuel System IndependenceE-93
AC 29.954 Fuel System Lightning Protection....................................................................................E -94
AC 29.955 Fuel FlowE-95
AC 29.955A Fuel FlowE-99
AC 29.957 Flow Between Interconnected TanksE-103
AC 29.959 Unusable Fuel SupplyE-103
AC 29.961 Fuel System Hot Weather OperationE-104
AC 29.961A Fuel System Hot Weather OperationE-106
AC 29.963 Fuel Tanks: GeneralE-107
AC 29.963A Fuel Tanks: GeneralE-107
AC 29.963B Fuel Tanks: GeneralE-108
AC 29.965 Fuel Tank TestsE-109
AC 29.967 Fuel Tank InstallationE-111
AC 29.967A Fuel Tank InstallationE-113
AC 29.969 Fuel Tank Expansion Space..........................................................................................E- 113 AC 29.969A Fuel Tank Expansion Space..........................................................................................E -114
AC 29.971 Fuel Tank SumpE-114
AC 29.971A Fuel Tank SumpE-116
AC 29.973 Fuel Tank Filler ConnectionE-116
AC 29.973A Fuel Tank Filler ConnectionE-117
SUBPART E - POWERPLANT (continued)
Page No.
FUEL SYSTEM (continued)
AC 29.975 Fuel Tank Vents and Carburetor Vapor VentsE-118
AC 29.975A Fuel Tank Vents and Carburetor Vapor VentsE-119
AC 29.975B Fuel Tank Vents and Carburetor Vapor VentsE-119
AC 29.977 Fuel Tank OutletE-120
AC 29.979 Pressure Refueling and Fueling Provisions Below Fuel LevelE-121
FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
AC 29.991 Fuel Pumps..........................................................................................................E -123
AC 29.991A Fuel PumpsE-124
AC 29.993 Fuel System Lines and FittingsE-124
AC 29.995 Fuel ValvesE-125
AC 29.997 Fuel Strainer or FilterE-125
AC 29.997A Fuel Strainer or FilterE-126
AC 29.999 Fuel System DrainsE-127
AC 29.999A Fuel System Drains..............................................................................................E-12 7
AC 29.1001 Fuel JettisoningE-128
OIL SYSTEM
AC 29.1011 Oil System - General............................................................................................E-13 0
AC 29.1013 Oil TanksE-131
AC 29.1015 Oil Tank TestsE-131
AC 29.1017 Oil Lines and FittingsE-132
AC 29.1019 Oil Strainer or FilterE-132
AC 29.1019A Oil Strainer or FilterE-133
AC 29.1021 Oil System DrainsE-134
AC 29.1023 Oil RadiatorsE-134
AC 29.1025 Oil ValvesE-134
AC 29.1027 Transmission and Gearboxes: GeneralE-135
COOLING
AC 29.1041 Cooling - General.................................................................................................E- 137
AC 29.1043 Cooling TestsE-140
AC 29.1043A Cooling TestsE-142
AC 29.1045 Cooling Test ProceduresE-143
AC 29.1047 Takeoff Cooling Test ProceduresE-147
AC 29.1049 Hovering Cooling Test ProceduresE-149
SUBPART E - POWERPLANT (continued)
Page No.
INDUCTION SYSTEM
AC 29.1091 Air InductionE-151
AC 29.1093 Induction System Icing ProtectionE-152
AC 29.1093A Induction System Icing ProtectionE-161
AC 29.1101 Carburetor Air Preheater DesignE-162
AC 29.1103 Induction System Ducts and Air Duct SystemsE-162
AC 29.1105 Induction System ScreensE-164
AC 29.1107 Intercoolers and After-CoolersE-165
AC 29.1109 Carburetor Air CoolingE-165
EXHAUST SYSTEM
AC 29.1121 GeneralE-166
AC 29.1123 Exhaust PipingE-167
AC 29.1125 Exhaust Heat ExchangersE-169
POWERPLANT CONTROLS AND ACCESSORIES
AC 29.1141 Powerplant Controls: GeneralE-173
AC 29.1142 Auxiliary Power Unit ControlsE-174
AC 29.1143 Engine ControlsE-175
AC 29.1143A Engine ControlsE-176
AC 29.1143B Engine ControlsE-176
AC 29.1145 Ignition SwitchesE-176
AC 29.1147 Mixture ControlsE-177
AC 29.1151 Rotor Brake ControlsE-178
AC 29.1157 Carburetor Air Temperature ControlsE-179
AC 29.1159 Supercharger ControlsE-179
AC 29.1163 Powerplant AccessoriesE-180
AC 29.1165 Engine Ignition SystemsE-181
POWERPLANT FIRE PROTECTION
AC 29.1181 Designated Fire Zones: Regions IncludedE-182
AC 29.1183 Lines, Fittings, and ComponentsE-183
AC 29.1185 Flammable FluidsE-184
AC 29.1187 Drainage and Ventilation of Fire ZonesE-186
AC 29.1189 Shutoff MeansE-186
AC 29.1191 FirewallsE-187
AC 29.1193 Cowling and Engine Compartment CoveringE-191
AC 29.1193A Cowling and Engine Compartment CoveringE-192
AC 29.1194 Other SurfacesE-193
AC 29.1195 Fire Extinguishing SystemsE-194
AC 29.1197 Fire Extinguishing AgentsE-197
SUBPART E - POWERPLANT (continued)
Page No.
POWERPLANT FIRE PROTECTION (continued)
AC 29.1199 Extinguishing Agent ContainersE-200
AC 29.1201 Fire Extinguishing System MaterialsE-201
AC 29.1203 Fire Detector SystemsE-201
SUBPART F - EQUIPMENT
GENERAL
AC 29.1301 Function and Installation..........................................................................................F -1
AC 29.1303 Flight and Navigation InstrumentsF-1
AC 29.1305 Powerplant InstrumentsF-7
AC 29.1305A Powerplant InstrumentsF-8
AC 29.1305B Powerplant InstrumentsF-9
AC 29.1305C Powerplant InstrumentsF-12
AC 29.1307 Miscellaneous EquipmentF-12
AC 29.1309 Equipment, Systems, and InstallationsF-12
INSTRUMENTS - INSTALLATION
AC 29.1321 Arrangement and VisibilityF-43
AC 29.1322 Warning, Caution, and Advisory LightsF-44
AC 29.1323 Airspeed Indicating SystemF-48
AC 29.1323A Airspeed Indicating SystemF-49
AC 29.1325 Static Pressure SystemsF-50
AC 29.1327 Magnetic Direction IndicatorF-51
AC 29.1329 Automatic Pilot SystemsF-51
AC 29.1331 Instruments Using a Power SupplyF-60
AC 29.1333 Instrument SystemsF-61
AC 29.1335 Flight Director Systems..........................................................................................F-6 2
AC 29.1337 Powerplant Instruments - Fuel Gauge CalibrationF-63
AC 29.1337A Powerplant InstrumentsF-64
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
AC 29.1351 Electrical Systems and Equipment - General ........................................................F-6 7
AC 29.1353 Electrical Equipment and InstallationsF-74
AC 29.1355 Distribution SystemF-79
AC 29.1355A Distribution SystemF-79
AC 29.1357 Circuit Protective DevicesF-79
AC 29.1357A Circuit Protective DevicesF-81
AC 29.1359 Electrical System Fire and Smoke ProtectionF-82
AC 29.1363 Electrical Systems TestsF-83
AC 29-2C, Chg 1 2/12/03 SUBPART F - EQUIPMENT (continued)
Page No.
LIGHTS
AC 29.1381 Instrument LightsF-84
AC 29.1383 Landing LightsF-85
AC 29.1385 Position Light System InstallationF-85
AC 29.1387 Position Light System Dihedral AnglesF-85
AC 29.1389 Position Light Distribution and IntensitiesF-85
AC 29.1391 Minimum Intensities in the HorizontalF-85
Plane of Forward and Rear Position Light
AC 29.1393 Minimum Intensities in Any VerticalF-85
Plane of Forward and Rear Position Lights
AC 29.1395 Maximum Intensities In OverlappingF-85
Beams of Forward and Rear Position Lights
AC 29.1397 Color SpecificationsF-85
AC 29.1399 Riding LightF-86
AC 29.1401 Anticollision Light SystemF-87
SAFETY EQUIPMENT
AC 29.1411 Safety Equipment - GeneralF-88
AC 29.1413 Safety Belts: Passenger Warning DeviceF-90
AC 29.1415 Ditching EquipmentF-91
AC 29.1419 Ice ProtectionF-93
MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
AC 29.1431 Electronic EquipmentF-114
AC 29.1433 Vacuum SystemsF-114
AC 29.1435 Hydraulic SystemsF-115
AC 29.1439 Protective Breathing EquipmentF-118
AC 29.1457 Cockpit Voice RecorderF-119
AC 29.1459 Flight RecordersF-120
AC 29.1461 Equipment Containing High Energy RotorsF-123
SUBPART G - OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION
OPERATING LIMITATIONS
AC 29.1501 Operating Limitations - GeneralG-1
AC 29.1503 Airspeed Limitations: GeneralG-1
AC 29.1505 Never-Exceed SpeedG-3
AC 29.1509 Rotor SpeedG-6
AC 29.1517 Limiting Height-Speed EnvelopeG-8
AC 29.1519 Weight and Center of GravityG-9
SUBPART G - OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION (continued)
Page No.
OPERATING LIMITATIONS (continued)
AC 29.1521 Powerplant LimitationsG-9
AC 29.1521A Powerplant LimitationsG-10
AC 29.1521B Powerplant LimitationsG-11
AC 29.1522 Auxiliary Power Unit LimitationsG-12
AC 29.1523 Minimum FlightcrewG-12
AC 29.1525 Kinds of OperationsG-16
AC 29.1527 Maximum Operating AltitudeG-17
AC 29.1529 Instructions for Continued AirworthinessG-17
(Maintenance Manual)
AC 29.1529A Instructions for Continued AirworthinessG-22
(Maintenance Manual)
MARKINGS AND PLACARDS
AC 29.1541 Marking and Placards - GeneralG-23
AC 29.1543 Instrument Markings: GeneralG-23
AC 29.1545 Airspeed Indicator................................................................................................. G -27
AC 29.1547 Magnetic Direction IndicatorG-27
AC 29.1549 Powerplant InstrumentsG-27
AC 29.1551 Oil Quantity IndicatorsG-28
AC 29.1553 Fuel Quantity IndicatorG-28
AC 29.1555 Control MarkingsG-29
AC 29.1557 Miscellaneous Markings and PlacardsG-30
AC 29.1559 Limitations PlacardG-31
AC 29.1561 Safety EquipmentG-32
AC 29.1565 Tail RotorG-33
ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL
AC 29.1581 Rotorcraft Flight Manual - GeneralG-34
AC 29.1583 Operating LimitationsG-42
AC 29.1583A Operating LimitationsG-45
AC 29.1585 Operating ProceduresG-45
AC 29.1587 Performance InformationG-47
AC 29.1587A Performance InformationG-51
AC 29.1589 Loading InformationG-51
AC 29-2C, Chg 2 4/25/06
CHAPTER 3 - MISCELLANEOUS GUIDANCE (MG), NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT
AC 29 MG 1 Certification Procedure for Rotorcraft Avionics Equipment................................MG 1-1 AC 29 MG 2 Standardized Test Procedure for Rotorcraft DC................................................MG 2-1 Electrical System Tests AC 29 MG 3 Rotorcraft and Systems Certification for Category II Operations.......................MG 3-1 AC 29 MG 4 Full Authority Digital Electronic Controls (FADEC) ............................................MG 4-1 AC 29 MG 5 Agricultural Dispensing Equipment Installation .................................................MG 5-1 AC 29 MG 6 Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Systems, Installations, ..............................MG 6-1 Interior Arrangements, and Equipment AC 29 MG 7 Structural Condition Indicators ..........................................................................MG 7-1 AC 29 MG 8 Substantiation of Composite Rotorcraft Structure .............................................MG 8-1 AC 29 MG 9 Rotorcraft One-Engine-Inoperative (OEI) Power Assurance .............................MG 9-1 AC 29 MG 10 Advisory Material for Substantiation of Emergency.........................................MG 10-1 Flotation System AC 29 MG 11 Fatigue Tolerance Evaluation of Transport Category Rotorcraft .....................MG 11-1 Metallic Structure (Including Flaw Tolerance) AC 29 MG 12 External Loads.................................................................................................MG 1 2-1 AC 29 MG 13 Systems Certification Considerations .............................................................MG 13-1 AC 29 MG 14 Certification Procedure for Installation of Vapor Cycle ...................................MG 14-1 Air Conditioning Systems AC 29 MG 15 Airworthiness Approval of Rotorcraft Health Usage Monitoring ......................MG 15-1 Systems (HUMS) AC 29 MG 16 Certification Procedure for Rotorcraft Night Vision Imaging ...........................MG 16-1 Systems (NVIS) Equipment AC 29 MG 17 (reserved) ........................................................................................................MG 17-1 AC 29 MG 18 Helicopter Terrain Awareness and Warning System (HTAWS).......................MG 18-1
AC 29 Appendix A – Instructions for Continued Airworthiness................................................Apdx A-1 AC 29 Appendix B - Airworthiness Guidance for Rotorcraft Instrument Flight ........................Apdx B-1 AC 29 Appendix C - (reserved) (Icing Certification)…….…………………………………...… ..Apdx C-1 AC 29 Appendix D - (reserved) (Criteria for Demonstration of Emergency ………………….. Apdx D-1 Evacuation Procedures Under § 29.803)
FIGURES
The first digits in the figure number are the same as the related paragraph number. The digits after the hyphen are the number within the paragraph. Most figures are located at the end of the related paragraph.
Figure No. Title Page
AC 29.45-1 H-V Requirements B-21
AC 29.45-2 IGE Controllability Requirements B-22
AC 29.45-3 Shaft Horsepower vs. Turbine Outlet B-23 Temperature - Sea Level Standard Day
AC 29.45-4 Uninstalled Takeoff Power Available B-24
AC 29.45-5 Installed Takeoff Power Available, Anti-Ice Off, B-25 400 RPM
AC 29.45-6 Power Assurance Check Chart B-26
AC 29.53-1 Takeoff Performance Category A B-33
AC 29.53A-1 Takeoff Performance Category A B-35
AC 29.59-1 Category A Vertical Takeoff Profile Ground B-44 Level Heliport
AC 29.59-2 Category A Vertical Takeoff Profile Pinnacle B-45
AC 29.59A-1 Category A Vertical Takeoff Profile Ground B-55 Level Heliport
AC 29.59A-2 Category A Vertical Takeoff Profile Elevated B-56 Heliport
AC 29.63-1 Conventional Tak eoff Profile Category B B-59
AC 29.71-1 Autorotational Characteristics - Typical B-68
AC 29.75-1 Category A Conv entional Landing - Clear B-78 Heliport
AC 29-2C, Chg 2 4/25/06 Figure No. Title Page
AC 29.75-2 Category A Vertical Landing B-79
AC 29.75A-1 Category A Conventional Landing - Clear B-89 Heliport
AC 29.75A-2 Category A Vertical Landing B-90
AC 29.79-1 Height-Velocity Diagram B-98
AC 29.79-2 Altitude/Wei ght Accountability B-99
AC 29.175-1 Static Longi tudinal Stability B-115
AC 29.251-1 Demonstration Points B-127
AC 29.337-1 Load Factor Gross Weight Curve C-7
AC 29.351-1 Sample Yaw/Forward Speed Diagram C-12
AC 29.351A-1 Sample Yaw/Forward Speed Diagram C-14
AC 29.351B-1 Yaw/Forward Speed Diagram C-1 7
AC 29.351B-2 Safety Factors for Probability of Failure C-18
AC 29.427-1 (View Looking Forward) C-31
AC 29.427-2 (View Looking Forward) C-32
AC 29.562-1 Seat Restraint System Dynamic Tests C-58
AC 29.562-2 Schematic Floor De formation Fixture; Seat C-65 Legs Attached at Floor Level
AC 29.562-3 Schematic Test Fixt ure; Side Wall Mounted Seat C-69
AC 29.562-4 Installation of Pelv ic Lumbar Spine Load Cell in C-73 Part 572B Anthropomorphic Dummy
AC 29.562-5 Measurement to be Tak en Over Full Width of Seat C-85 Bottom Cushion
AC 29.562-6 Post Test Condition C-85