2-xxxi FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A E. TASK: CONFINED-AREA TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual, Seaplane Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a confined-area takeoff and climb by describing -
(a) review of wind conditions.
(b) takeoff hazards, particularly those related to obstacles.
(c) use of wing flaps.
(d) factors related to minimum takeoff run and maximum climb performance.
(e) factors that should be considered in the selection of the most suitable takeoff area.
(f) alignment with the proposed takeoff path.
(g) initial positioning of flight controls.
(h) power application.
(i) directional control during acceleration on the surface.
(j) the most efficient planing angle.
(k) lift-off attitude and airspeed.
(l) climb attitude, power setting, and airspeed for obstacle clearance.
(m) track during climb.
(n) use of checklist.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a confined-area takeoff and climb by describing -
(a) failure to position t he airplane to take full advantage of the available takeoff area.
(b) improper initial positioning of flight controls or wing flaps.
(c) improper power application.
(d) inappropriate removal of hand from throttle.
(e) poor directional control.
(f) improper correction for porpoising, skipping, or an unusual increase in water drag.
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(g) improper pitch attitude during lift-off.
(h) hazards of inadvertent contact with the water after becoming airborne.
(i) failure to establish and maintain proper climb configuration and airspeed.
(j) drift during climb.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a confined-area takeoff and climb from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a confined-area takeoff and climb.
2-xxxiii FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: FUNDAMENTALS OF FUNDAMENTALS OF
FLIGHTFLIGHT NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: STRAIGHT-AND-LEVEL FLIGHT (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of straight-and-level flight by describing -
(a) effect and use of flight controls.
(b) the Integrated Flight Instruction method.
(c) outside and instrument references used for pitch, bank, and power control; the crosscheck and interpretation of those references;
and the control technique used.
(d) trim technique.
(e) methods that can be used to overcome tenseness and overcontrolling.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to straight-and-level flight by describing -
(a) failure to cross-check and correctly interpret outside and instrument references.
(b) application of control movements rather than pressures.
(c) uncoordinated use of flight controls.
(d) faulty trim technique.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains straight-and-level flight from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to straight-and-level flight.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 2-xxxiv B. TASK: LEVEL TURNS (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of level turns by describing -
(a) effect and use of flight controls.
(b) the Integrated Flight Instruction method.
(c) outside and instrument references used for pitch, bank, and power control; the crosscheck and interpretation of those references;
and the control technique used.
(d) trim technique.
(e) methods that can be used to overcome tenseness and overcontrolling.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to level turns by describing -
(a) failure to cross-check and correctly interpret outside and instrument references.
(b) application of control movements rather than pressures.
(c) uncoordinated use of flight controls.
(d) faulty altitude and bank control.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains level turns from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to level turns.
C. TASK: STRAIGHT CLIMBS AND CLIMBING TURNS (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of straight climbs and climbing turns by describing -
(a) effect and use of flight controls.
(b) the Integrated Flight Instruction method.
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(c) outside and instrument references used for pitch, bank, and power control; the crosscheck and interpretation of those references;
and the control technique used.
(d) trim technique.
(e) methods that can be used to overcome tenseness and overcontrolling.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to straight climbs and climbing turns by describing -
(a) failure to cross-check and correctly interpret outside and instrument references.
(b) application of control movements rather than pressures.
(c) improper correction for torque effect.
(d) faulty trim technique.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains straight climbs and climbing turns from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to straight climbs and climbing turns.
D. TASK: STRAIGHT DESCENTS AND DESCENDING TURNS (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of straight descents and descending turns by describing -
(a) effect and use of flight controls.
(b) the Integrated Flight Instruction method.
(c) outside and instrument references used for pitch, bank, and power control; the crosscheck and interpretation of those references;
and the control technique used.
(d) trim technique.
(e) methods that can be used to overcome tenseness and overcontrolling.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 2-xxxvi
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to straight descents and descending turns by describing -
(a) failure to cros s-check and correctly interpret outside and instrument references.
(b) application of control movements rather than pressures.
(c) uncoordinated use of flight controls.
(d) faulty trim technique.
(e) failure to clear engine and use carburetor heat, as appropriate.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains straight descents and descending turns from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to straight descents and descending turns.
2-xxxvii FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A IX. AREA OF OPERATION: STALLS, SPINS, AND STALLS, SPINS, AND
MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHTMANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT NOTE: The examiner will select at least one proficiency stall (TASK A or B), at least one demonstration stall (TASK C, D, or E), and TASK F.
A. TASK: POWER-ON STALLS (PROFICIENCY) (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of power-on stalls, in climbing flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations, by describing -
(a) aerodynamics of power-on stalls.
(b) relationship of various factors such as landing gear and flap configuration, weight, center of gravity, load factor, and bank angle to stall speed.
(c) flight situations where unintentional power-on stalls may occur.
(d) recognition of the first indications of power-on stalls.
(e) performance of power-on stalls in climbing flight (straight or turning).
(f) entry technique and minimum entry altitude.
(g) coordination of flight controls.
(h) recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to power-on stalls, in climbing flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations, by describing -
(a) failure to establish the specified landing gear and flap configuration prior to entry.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 2-xxxviii
(b) improper pitch, heading, and ban k control during straight ahead stalls.
(c) improper pitch and bank control during turning stalls.
(d) rough or uncoordinated control technique.
(e) failure to recognize the first indications of a stall.
(f) failure to achieve a stall.
(g) improper torque correction.
(h) poor stall recognition and delayed recovery.
(i) excessive altitude loss or excessive airspeed during recovery.
(j) secondary stall during recovery.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains poweron stalls, in climbing flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations, from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to power-on stalls, in climbing flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations.
B. TASK: POWER-OFF STALLS (PROFICIENCY) (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of power-off stalls, in descending flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations, by describing -
(a) aerodynamics of power-off stalls.
(b) relationship of various factors such as landing gear and flap configuration, weight, center of gravity, load factor, and bank angle to stall speed.
(c) flight situations where unintentional power-off stalls may occur.
(d) recognition of the first indications of power-off stalls.
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(e) performance of power-off stalls in descending flight (straight or turning).
(f) entry technique and minimum entry altitude.
(g) coordination of flight controls.
(h) recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to power-off stalls, in descending flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations, by describing -
(a) failure to establ ish the specified landing gear and flap configuration prior to entry.
(b) improper pitch, heading, and bank control during straight ahead stalls.
(c) improper pitch and bank control during turning stalls.
(d) rough or uncoordinated control technique.
(e) failure to recognize the first indications of a stall.
(f) failure to achieve a stall.
(g) improper torque correction.
(h) poor stall recognition and delayed recovery.
(i) excessive altitude loss or excessive airspeed during recovery.
(j) secondary stall during recovery.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains poweroff stalls, in descending flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations, from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to power-off stalls, in descending flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 2-xl C. TASK: CROSSED-CONTROL STALLS (DEMONSTRATION) (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of crossed-control stalls, with the landing gear extended, by describing -
(a) aerodynamics of crossed-control stalls.
(b) effects of crossed controls in gliding or reduced airspeed descending turns.
(c) hazards of crossed controls in a base leg to final approach turn.
(d) entry technique and minimum entry altitude.
(e) recognition of crossed-control stalls.
(f) flight situations where unintentional crossedcontrol stalls may occur.
(g) recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to crossed-control stalls, with the landing gear extended, by describing -
(a) failure to establish selected configuration prior to entry.
(b) failure to establish a crossed-control turn and stall condition that will adequately demonstrate the hazards of a crossed-control stall.
(c) improper or inadequate demonstration of the recognition of and recovery from a crossedcontrol stall.
(d) failure to present simulated student instruction that adequately emphasizes the hazards of a crossed-control condition in a gliding or reduced airspeed condition.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a crossed-control stall, with the landing gear extended, from an instructional standpoint.
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4. Analyzes and co rrects simulated common errors related to a crossed-control stall with the landing gear extended.
D. TASK: ELEVATOR TRIM STALLS (DEMONSTRATION) (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of elevator trim stalls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations, by describing -
(a) aerodynamics of elevator trim stalls.
(b) hazards of inadequate control pressures to compensate for thrust, torque, and up-elevator trim during go- arounds and other related maneuvers.
(c) entry technique and minimum entry altitude.
(d) recognition of elevator trim stalls.
(e) importance of recovering from an elevator trim stall immediately upon recognition.
(f) flight situations where elevator trim stalls occur.
(g) recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude.
2. Exhibits instructional kn owledge of common errors related to elevator trim stalls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations, by describing -
(a) failure to establish selected configuration prior to entry.
(b) failure to establish the thrust, torque, and upelevator trim conditions that will result in a realistic demonstration.
(c) improper or inadequate demonstration of the recognition of and the recovery from an elevator trim stall.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 2-xlii
(d) failure to present simulated student instruction that adequately emphasizes the hazards of poor correction for torque and up-elevator trim during go-arounds and other maneuvers.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains elevator trim stalls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations, from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to elevator trim stalls in selected landing gear and flap configurations.
E. TASK: SECONDARY STALLS (DEMONSTRATION) (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of secondary stalls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations, by describing -
(a) aerodynamics of secondary stalls.
(b) flight situations where secondary stalls may occur.
(c) hazards of secondary stalls during normal stall or spin recovery.
(d) entry technique and minimum entry altitude.
(e) recognition of a secondary stall.
(f) recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to secondary stalls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations, by describing -
(a) failure to establish selected configuration prior to entry.
(b) improper or inadequate demonstration of the recognition of and recovery from a secondary stall.