ERA19CA147

NTSB accident investigation · Gaskins Safari 400 · Gallatin, TN · April 10, 2019

Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
April 10, 2019, 11:50 local (16:50 UTC)
Place
Gallatin, TN
Injuries
2 minor
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Maneuvering
Aircraft
N104CVGaskins Safari 400
Defining event
Maneuvering-hover: Dynamic rollover
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report March 20, 2020
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Eastern Region Aviation
Parties
FAA/FSDO
FAA report
20190410022429A
Case key
99244

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot/owner's improper decision to make a right turn instead of terminating the approach to a hover and his subsequent loss of helicopter control while attempting to land on sloping terrain, which resulted in a roll-over.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Performance/control parametersAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedGaskins Abe B SAFARI 400: 1 caseAll aircraft: 1,269 casesProbable cause
Terrain: sloped/uneven terrainEnvironmental issues › Physical environment · Effect on operationGaskins Abe B SAFARI 400: 1 caseAll aircraft: 270 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot, who was also the owner of the helicopter, stated that the helicopter was at or near its maximum allowable gross weight and required maximum engine power to hover in ground effect when he initiated the flight. After a short local flight, the pilot completed an approach to a parallel taxiway with the helicopter in ground effect. The pilot reported that, instead of terminating the approach to a hover, he performed a 180° pedal turn and initiated a teardrop-shaped turn to reverse course, which resulted in the loss of ground effect. As the helicopter turned right below the effective translational lift airspeed, the terrain sloped away from beneath the helicopter, and once in an out-of-ground effect, higher power-demand condition, the engine could not produce the necessary power to maintain full operating rpm. The helicopter then descended below the height of the taxiway. The pilot attempted to perform a landing on rough, sloping terrain, but the helicopter's right skid hit a mound of dirt, which resulted in a dynamic rollover, and it then came to rest on its side.

Factual narrative

The pilot/owner stated that the helicopter was at or near its maximum allowable gross weight and required maximum engine power to hover in ground effect. After a brief local flight, the pilot completed an approach to the parallel taxiway beyond the parking area. Instead of performing a 180°pedal turn over the pavement to reverse course, the pilot initiated a teardrop-shaped turn. The helicopter turned to the right below effective translational lift (ETL) airspeed, the terrain sloped away from beneath the helicopter and once in an out-of-ground effect, higher power-demand condition, the engine could not produce the necessary power to maintain full operating rpm. The helicopter then descended below the height of the taxiway, the pilot attempted to perform a landing to rough, sloping terrain, and the helicopter rolled over and came to rest on its side. Following the accident, the pilot stated that during the accident the helicopter was performing "beautifully." He provided a comprehensive review of the events and suggested that better preflight and inflight performance planning, and inflight power management would have prevented the accident.

Aircraft

Registration
N104CV
Reported as
Gaskins Safari 400 (No Series)
Category
Helicopter, amateur-built
Serial number
CH1503
Built
2016
Airframe hours
211
Engine
Superior XP-O-360-A3HY, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Special, Experimental (Special)
Last inspection
Condition · April 18, 2018 · 75 hours before
Departed
XNX · Gallatin, TN
Destination
XNX · Gallatin, TN
Airport
XNX · Sumner County Rgnl, runway 17, 6,300 × 100 ft, asphalt
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
61
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, With waivers/limitations
Seat
Right
Restraint
4-point
Flight hours
2,200 total · 160 in this make and model

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
120° at 8 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
72 °F, dew point 37 °F
Altimeter
29.93 inHg
Observed at
KXNX

Docket · 5

The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 3, 2019, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 1.6 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.