GAA16CA527

NTSB accident investigation · Swearingen SA226 · Farmingdale, NY · June 20, 2016

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
June 20, 2016, 17:58 local (21:58 UTC)
Place
Farmingdale, NY
Injuries
2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N127WDSwearingen SA226
Defining event
Landing-flare/touchdown: Abnormal runway contact
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report June 20, 2017
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20160620013579A
Case key
94377

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot-in-command’s failure to extend the landing gear before landing and his failure to use the Before Landing checklist. Contributing to the accident was the pilots’ failure to maintain a sterile cockpit during landing.

Findings · 6

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Use of equip/info: use of checklistPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotSwearingen SA226-T(B): 1 caseAll aircraft: 336 casesProbable cause
Action: lack of actionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · PilotSwearingen SA226-T(B): 1 caseAll aircraft: 792 casesProbable cause
Communication (personnel)Personnel issues › Task performance · Flight crewSwearingen SA226-T(B): 1 caseAll aircraft: 17 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

According to the pilot in command (PIC), he was conducting an instructional flight for his "new SIC (second in command)," who was seated in the left seat. He reported that they had flown two previous legs in the retractable landing gear-equipped airplane. He recalled that, during the approach, they discussed the events of their previous flights and had complied with the airport control tower's request to "keep our speed up." During the approach, he called for full flaps and retarded the throttle to flight idle. The PIC asserted that there was no indication that the landing gear was not extended because he did not hear a landing gear warning horn; however, he was wearing a noise-cancelling headset. He added that the landing gear position lights were not visible because the SIC's knee obstructed his view of the lights. He recalled that, following the flare, he heard the propellers hit the runway and that he made the decision not to go around because of unknown damage sustained to the propellers. The airplane touched down and slid to a stop on the runway. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage bulkheads, longerons, and stringers. The SIC reported that the flight was a training flight in visual flight rules conditions. He noted that the airspace was busy and that, during the approach, he applied full flaps, but they failed to extend the landing gear. He added that he did not hear the landing gear warning horn; however, he was wearing a noise-cancelling headset. The Federal Aviation Administration Aviation Safety Inspector that examined the wreckage reported that, during recovery, the pilot extended the nose landing gear via the normal extension process. However, due to significant damage to the main landing gear (MLG) doors, the MLG was unable to be extended hydraulically or manually. He added that an operational check of the landing gear warning horn was not accomplished because the wreckage was unsafe to enter after it was removed from the runway. The landing gear warning horn was presented by an aural tone in the cockpit and was not configured to be heard through the pilots' noise-cancelling headsets. When asked, the PIC and the SIC both stated that they could not remember who read the airplane flight manual Before Landing checklist.

Factual narrative

According to the pilot in command (PIC), he was conducting an instructional flight for his "new SIC (second in command)," and seated in the left seat. He reported that they had flown two previous legs in the retractable landing gear-equipped airplane. During the approach, he recalled that they discussed the events of their previous flights and had complied with the airport control tower's request to "keep our speed up". During the approach, he called for full flaps and retarded the throttle to flight idle. The PIC asserted that there was no indication that the landing gear was not extended, as he did not hear a landing gear warning horn; however, he was wearing a noise cancelling headset. He added that the landing gear position lights were not visible because the knee of SIC obstructed his view of the lights. He recalled that following the flare he heard the airplane propellers hit the runway, and he made the decision not to go-around because of the unknown damage sustained to the propellers. The airplane touched down, and slid to a stop on the runway. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage bulkheads, longerons and stringers. The SIC reported that the flight was a training flight in VFR conditions. He noted that the airspace was busy, and during the approach he applied full flaps, but they failed to extend the landing gear. He added that he did not hear the landing gear warning horn; however, he was wearing a noise cancelling headset. The Federal Aviation Administration, Aviation Safety Inspector that examined the wreckage reported that during recovery the pilot extended the nose landing gear via the normal extension process. However, due to significant damage to the main gear doors, the main landing gear was unable to be extended hydraulically or manually. He added that an operational check of the landing gear warning horn, was not accomplished because the wreckage was unsafe to enter after it was removed from the runway. Both pilots were wearing noise canceling headsets, and the landing gear warning horn is presented by an aural tone in the cockpit, and is not configured to be heard through the crew's headsets. When asked, the PIC and the SIC both stated that they could not remember who read the airplane flight manual (AFM) before landing checklist.

Aircraft

Registration
N127WD
Reported as
Swearingen SA226 (T(B))
Category
Airplane
Serial number
T-297
Built
1978
Airframe hours
4,500
Engines
Garrett TPE33110U501G, 950 horsepower, turbo jetGarrett TPE33110U501G, 950 horsepower, turbo jet
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
Ponderosa Air LLC
Registered owner
Ponderosa Air LLC
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · March 15, 2016
Departed
HPN · Westchester, NY
Destination
FRG · Farmingdale, NY
Airport
FRG · Republic, runway 19, 5,516 × 150 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Auto-pilot, Electronic multifunction display, Angle of attack indicator, Onboard weather, Stall warning system, ADS-B

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
68
Injuries
None
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
April 29, 2016
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
11,450 total · 410 in this make and model · 11,175 as pilot in command · 85 in the last 90 days · 21 in the last 30 days
Role
Co-pilot
Age
45
Injuries
None
Certificates
Flight instructor, Airline transport, Commercial
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
April 24, 2016
Seat
Right
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
1,300 total · 5 in this make and model · 10,000 as pilot in command · 300 in the last 90 days · 100 in the last 30 days · 10 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
210° at 7 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
48 °F, dew point 36 °F
Altimeter
29.82 inHg
Observed at
KFRG

Docket · 4

The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 15, 2017, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 3.0 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.