GAA17CA098

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 182 · Apple Valley, CA · December 19, 2016

Accident · Serious injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
December 18, 2016, 18:40 local (Dec 19, 2016, 02:40 UTC)
Place
Apple Valley, CA
Injuries
1 serious, 1 minor
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Enroute
Aircraft
N5954BCessna 182
Defining event
Enroute: Fuel exhaustion
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Dusk
Status
Completed · report July 20, 2017
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20161218025169A
Case key
94528

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot’s mismanagement of the available fuel, which resulted in a loss of engine power and a subsequent hard, off-airport landing and nose-over.

Findings · 3

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid managementCessna 182A: 13 casesAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotCessna 182A: 18 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot of the single-engine airplane reported that, after traveling about 270 nautical miles (nm) to the destination airport, the pilot-controlled lighting would not illuminate when activated. The pilot diverted to an alternate airport that was 40 nm to the northeast, but the pilot reported that runway lighting was not available at the alternate airport. The pilot reported that he decided to fly about 70 nm southwest to another alternate airport, but the engine quit even though the fuel indicator showed that 1/4 tank of fuel remained. He reported that he entered a descending left turn, that he leveled the wings with no flaps, and that the airspeed was about 52 kts. The pilot recalled that the airplane landed hard and nosed over after the nose landing gear and propeller struck a berm. Substantial damage was sustained to both wings, the firewall, and empennage. During the airplane recovery, the fuel selector was photographed in the right wing tank position. The left tank did not have any fuel in the tank, and the right tank contained about 2 cups of fuel. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) avionics inspector present during the examination of the airplane's radios and antennas, no failures or malfunctions were identified. According to the FAA Airport Facility Directory, both the destination and diversion airports were equipped with medium intensity runway lighting, and the first airport the pilot diverted from was equipped with precision approach path indicator lights. No NOTAMS pertaining to lighting were issued at these airports on the date of the accident. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Factual narrative

The pilot in command (PIC) of the single-engine airplane reported that after traveling about 270 nautical miles (nm) to their destination airport, the pilot controlled lighting would not illuminate when activated. The PIC diverted to an alternate airport that was 40 nm to the northeast, but the PIC reported that runway lighting was not available at the alternate airport. The PIC reported that he decided to fly about 70 nm southwest to another alternate airport, but the engine quit although the fuel indicator showed ¼ tank of fuel remained. He reported that he entered a descending left turn, he leveled the wings, no flaps and the airspeed was about 52 kts. The PIC recalled that the airplane landed hard, and nosed over after the nose landing gear and propeller struck a berm. Substantial damage was sustained to both wings, the firewall, and empennage. During the airplane recovery, the fuel selector was photographed in the right wing tank position. The left tank did not have any fuel in the tank, and the right tank contained about 2 cups of fuel. According to the Federal Aviation Administration Avionics Inspector present during the examination of the airplane's radios and antennas, no failures or malfunctions were identified. According to the Federal Aviation Administration Airport Facility Directory, both airports were equipped with Medium Intensity Runway Lighting, and the first airport the PIC diverted from was equipped with Precision Approach Path Indicator lights. There weren't any notices to airman for the above mentioned airports, pertaining to lighting the date of the accident. The pilot reported that there were no pre-accident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Aircraft

Registration
N5954B
Reported as
Cessna 182 (A)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
33954
Built
1956
Airframe hours
3,734.6
Engine
Cont Motor O-470, 230 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · September 1, 2016
Departed
WVI · Watsonville, CA
Destination
DAG · Barstow, CA
Flight plan
VFR
Airport
APV · Apple Valley
Equipment
Electronic flight bag or handheld device

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
70
Injuries
Serious
Certificates
Commercial, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 3, Waiver time limited special
Last flight review
October 17, 2015
Seat
Right
Restraint
Lap only
Flight hours
4,016 total · 310 in this make and model · 4,016 as pilot in command · 4 in the last 90 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Dusk
Wind
Calm
Visibility
10 statute miles
Temperature
19 °F, dew point 12 °F
Altimeter
30.26 inHg
Observed at
KAPV, 2 nm away

Docket · 3

The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 22, 2017, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 2.4 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.