Contents (continued) Paragraph Page
Page xliv Chapter 9. Aircraft Systems And Components SECTION 1. INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF LANDING GEAR
9-1GENERAL
.9-1
9-2................................................................................................... GENERAL INSPECTION
.9-1
9-3....................................................................................... CLEANING AND LUBRICATING
.9-1
9-4.............................................................................................. FIXED-GEAR INSPECTION
.9-1
TABLE 9-1. ...........................................BUNGEE CORD COLOR CODES 9-2
9-5........................................................INSPECTION OF RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR
.9-3
9-6.................................................................................................. EMERGENCY SYSTEMS
.9-3
9-7..................................................................................... LANDING GEAR COMPONENTS
.9-4
9-8.....................................................................................TIRE AND TUBE MAINTENANCE
.9-5
9-9............................................................................................................FLOATS AND SKIS
.9-6
FIGURE 9-1. ............................................A TYPICAL SKI INSTALLATION 9-6
9-10..................................................... INSPECTION AND REPAIR OF FLOATS AND SKIS
.9-7
9-11...................................................................... TYPES OF LANDING GEAR PROBLEMS
.9-8
FIGURE 9- 2....................................................... TYPICAL BOLT CRACKS 9-8 FIGURE 9- 3...............................TYPICAL CRACKS NEAR BOLT HOLES 9-8 FIGURE 9-4. ........................................... TYPICAL BOLT HOLE CRACKS 9-9 FIGURE 9- 5................................................TYPICAL ROD-END CRACKS 9-9 FIGURE 9-6........ TYPICAL TORQUE TUBE BOLT HOLE ELONGATION 9-9
9-12.................................................................................................SPECIAL INSPECTIONS
.9-9
9-13..................................................................................................... RETRACTION TESTS
.9-9
9-14................................................................................... TIRE INSPECTION AND REPAIR
.9-9
FIGURE 9-7.EXAMPLES OF TREAD W EAR INDICATING OVER-INFLATION
AND UNDER-INFLATION9-11
9-15..................................................................................................... INFLATION OF TIRES
.9-10
9-16......................................................................................................WHEEL INSPECTION
.9-11
9-17..................................................................................................WHEEL INSTALLATION
.9-11
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Page xlv
9-18.......................................................................................REASSEMBLING THE WHEEL
.9-11
9-19SLIPPAGE
.9-12
9-20.9-24. [RESERVED.]9-12
SECTION 2. HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
9-25GENERAL
.9-13
9-26....................................................................... PURPOSES OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
.9-13
9-27...................................................................................... TYPES OF HYDRAULIC FLUID
.9-13
9-28...................................................................................HANDLING HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
.9-14
9-29....................................................HYDRAULIC SYSTEM MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
.9-15
9-30...............................................................................HYDRAULIC LINES AND FITTINGS
.9-18
TABLE 9-2. ............................................................................. TUBE DATA 9-19 FIGURE 9-8.HOSE ASSEMBLY INSTRUCT IONS (CAN BE USED FOR LOW
PRESSURE HYDRAULIC FLUID, .................................................................AND OI L LINE APPLICATIONS) 9-21
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Page xlvi TABLE 9-3. ..................................... AIRCRAFT HOSE SPECIFICATIONS 9-22 FIGURE 9-9. ........................................PROPER HOSE INSTALLATIONS 9-23 FIGURE 9- 10.........................................................MINIMUM BEND RADII 9-24 TABLE 9-4.BALL DIAMETERS FOR TESTING HOSE RESTRICTIONS OR KINKING 9-25 FIGURE 9-11...........SUGGESTED HANDLING OF PREFORMED HOSE 9-25
9-31.9-36. [RESERVED.]9-25
SECTION 3. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
9-37.....................................................................................................................LIFE RAFTS
.9-27
9-38.............................................................................................. LIFE RAFT INSPECTIONS
.9-27
FIGURE 9-12............................................................... INFLATION VALVE 9-29
9-39..........................................................................................SURVIVAL KIT INSPECTION
.9-28
9-40.................................................................................................SPECIAL INSPECTIONS
.9-31
9-41...................................................................................................INSPECTION RECORD
.9-32
9-42...............................................................................................................RAFT REPAIRS
.9-32
FIGURE 9- 13......................................................... REPAIR DIMENSIONS 9-33
9-43........................................................................................................ LIFE PRESERVERS
.9-34
9-44....................................................................................LIFE PRESERVER INSPECTION
.9-35
9-45....................................................................................REPAIR OF LIFE PRESERVERS
.9-36
9-46.................................................................................... MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
.9-36
9-47........................................................................................................OXYGEN SYSTEMS
.9-37
9-48INSPECTION
.9-37
9-49MAINTENANCE
.9-38
FIGURE 9-14. .......................................... OXYGEN CYLINDER DAMAGE 9-39 FIGURE 9-15. .............................. CYLINDER BRACKETS AND CLAMPS 9-39
9-50......................................................................FUNCTIONAL TESTING AFTER REPAIR
.9-41
9-51...................................................SERVICE REQUIREMENTS --OXYGEN CYLINDERS
.9-41
TABLE 9-5........................................... TABLE OF FILLING PRESSURES 9-43
9-52.9-59. [RESERVED.]9-43
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Page xlvii SECTION 4. CABIN INTERIOR
9-60GENERAL
.9-45
9-61.........................................................................................CAR-3 AIRCRAFT INTERIOR
.9-45
9-62......................................................................................PART 23 AIRCRAFT INTERIOR
.9-45
9-63..........................................................................................SOURCE OF INFORMATION
.9-46
9-64......................................................................................UPHOLSTERY AND/OR BELTS
.9-46
9-65.9-70. [RESERVED.]9-46
Chapter 10. Weight And Balance SECTION 1. TERMINOLOGY
10-1GENERAL
.10-1
10-2TERMINOLOGY
.10-1
FIGURE 10-1. ...........................................TYPICAL DATUM LOCATIONS 10-2 FIGURE 10-2. ..................ILLUSTRATION OF ARM (OR MOMENT ARM) 10-3 FIGURE 10- 3...........................EXAMPLE OF MOMENT COMPUTATION 10-4 FIGURE 10-4.......EMPTY WEIGHT CENTER OF GRAVITY FORMULAS 10-5 FIGURE 10-5.EMPTY WEIGHT AND EMPTY CENTER OF GRAVITY - TAIL-
WHEEL TYPE AIRCRAFT10-6
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Page xlviii FIGURE 10-6.EMPTY WEIGHT AND EMPTY WEIGHT CENTER OF GRAVITY -
NOSEWHEEL TYPE AIRCRAFT10-7
FIGURE 10-7. ....................OPERATING CENTER OF GRAVITY RANGE 10-8 FIGURE 10-8. .......................................WEIGHING POINT CENTERLINE 10-9
10-3.10-13. [RESERVED.]10-9
SECTION 2. WEIGHING PROCEDURES
10-14GENERAL
.10-11
10-15PROCEDURES
.10-11
FIGURE 10-9.EMPTY WEIGHT AND EMPTY WEIGHT CENTER OF GRAVITY ...............................................WHEN AIRCRAFT IS WEIGHED WITH OIL 10-12
10-16................................................................ WEIGHT AND BALANCE COMPUTATIONS
.10-11
10-17.................................................... WEIGHT AND BALANCE EXTREME CONDITIONS
.10-13
FIGURE 10-10.EXAMPLE OF CHECK OF MOST FORWARD WEIGHT AND
BALANCE EXTREME10-14
FIGURE 10-11.EXAMPLE OF CHECK OF MOST REARWARD WEIGHT AND
BALANCE EXTREME10-16
10-18............................................................LOADING CONDITIONS AND/OR PLACARDS
.10-15
FIGURE 10-12.LOADING CONDITIONS: DETERMINATION OF THE NUMBER
OF PASSENGERS .................................. AND BA GGAGE PERMISSIBLE WITH FULL FUEL 10-17 FIGURE 10-13.LOADING CONDITIONS: DETERMINATION OF THE FUEL
AND BAGGAGE PERMISSIBLE ...............................................................WITH M AXIMUM PASSENGERS 10-18 FIGURE 10-14.LOADING CONDITIONS: DETERMINATION OF THE FUEL
AND THE NUMBER AND
LOCATION OF PASSENGERS PERMISSIBLE WITH MAXIMUM BAGGAGE 10-19
10-19..........................................................................................................EQUIPMENT LIST
.10-15
10-20..................................................................................................EQUIPMENT CHANGE
.10-15
FIGURE 10-15.EFFECTS OF THE ADDITION OF EQUIPMENT ITEMS ON BALANCE 10-20 FIGURE 10-16.EXAMPLE OF MOMENT AND WEIGHT CHANGES RESULTING
FROM EQUIPMENT CHANGES10-21
10-21...............................................................SAMPLE WEIGHT AND BALANCE REPORT
.10-20
FIGURE 10-17.SAMPLE WEIGHT AND BALANCE REPORT TO DETERMINE
EMPTY WEIGHT CENTER OF GRAVITY10-22
FIGURE 10-18.SAMPLE WEIGHT AND BALANCE REPORT INCLUDING AN
EQUIPMENT CHANGE ..............................................................FOR AI RCRAFT FULLY LOADED 10-23
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Page xlix
10-22.......................................................................................INSTALLATION OF BALLAST
.10-20
FIGURE 10-19...... PERMANENT BALLAST COMPUTATION FORMULA 10-24
10-23...................................................................................................LOADING SCHEDULE
.10-24
10-24.10-34. [RESERVED.]10-24
Chapter 11. Aircraft Electrical Systems SECTION 1. INSPECTION AND CARE OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
11-1GENERAL
.11-1
11-2.................................................................... INSPECTION AND OPERATION CHECKS
.11-1
11-3.. FUNCTIONAL CHECK OF CHECK OF STAND-BY OR EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
.11-2
11-4.................................................................................CLEANING AND PRESERVATION
.11-2
11-5...................................................................... BATTERY ELECTROLYTE CORROSION
.11-2
11-6.......................................................................................... ADJUSTMENT AND REPAIR
.11-2
11-7................................................................INSULATION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
.11-2
11-8.......................................................................................................................BUS BARS
.11-3
11-9.11-14. [RESERVED.]11-3
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Page l SECTION 2. STORAGE BATTERIES
11-15GENERAL
.11-5
11-16.................................................................................................. BATTERY CHARGING
.11-5
11-17....................................................................................................BATTERY FREEZING
.11-5
TABLE 11-1.LEAD-ACID BATTERY ELECTROLYTE FREEZING POINTS 11-5
11-18...................................................................................TEMPERATURE CORRECTION
.11-5
TABLE 11-2............... SULF URIC ACID TEMPERATURE CORRECTION 11-6
11-19............................................................................................BATTERY MAINTENANCE
.11-6
11-20...........................................................................................ELECTROLYTE SPILLAGE
.11-8
11-21......................................................................................................... NOXIOUS FUMES
.11-9
11-22........................................................................................ INSTALLATION PRACTICES
.11-9
FIGURE 11-1. ..................................BATTERY VENTILATING SYSTEMS 11-9
11-23.11-29. [RESERVED.]11-10
SECTION 3. INSPECTION OF EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION
11-30GENERAL
.11-11
11-31............................................................... INSTALLATION CLEARANCE PROVISIONS
.11-11
11-32............................WIRES, WIRE BUNDLES, AND CIRCUIT PROTECTIVE DEVICES
.11-11
11-33.......................................................................................................... OUTPUT RATING
.11-11
11-34................................................................................................ ALTERNATOR DIODES
.11-11
11-35...........................................................STATIC ELECTRICAL POWER CONVERTERS
.11-11
11-36.ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF CONTROLLING OR MONITORING THE ELECTRICAL LOAD
.11-12
11-37.................................................................DETERMINATION OF ELECTRICAL LOAD
.11-12
11-38..............................................................................JUNCTION BOX CONSTRUCTION
.11-13
11-39.11-46. [RESERVED.]11-13
SECTION 4. INSPECTION OF CIRCUIT-PROTECTION DEVICES
11-47GENERAL
.11-15
11-48................................................ DETERMINATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER RATINGS
.11-15
11-49.............................................................................DC CIRCUIT PROTECTOR CHART
.11-15
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Page li TABLE 11-3. .................. DC WIRE AND CIRCUIT PROTECTOR CHART 11-15
11-50.......................................................RESETTABLE CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES
.11-15
11-51.........................................................................................CIRCUIT BREAKER USAGE
.11-15
11-52........................................................................... CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE
.11-16
11-53SWITCHES
.11-16
TABLE 11-4............................................ SWITCH DERATING FACTORS 11-17 TABLE 11-5................................ SEL ECTION OF CONTACT MATERIAL 11-17
11-54RELAYS
.11-19
11-55............................................................................................LOAD CONSIDERATIONS
.11-20
11-56......................................OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR SWITCHES AND RELAYS
.11-20
11-57.11-65. [RESERVED.]11-20
SECTION 5. ELECTRICAL WIRE RATING
11-66GENERAL
.11-21
TABLE 11-6..... TABULATION CHART (ALLOWABLE VOLTAGE DROP) 11-21 TABLE 11-7.EXAMPLES OF DETERMININ G REQUIRED WIRE SIZE USING FIGURE 11-2 11-22 TABLE 11-8.EXAMPLES OF DETERMINING MAXIMUM RUN LENGTH USING FIGURE 11-3 11-22
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Page lii FIGURE 11-2.................... CONDUCTOR CHART, CONTINUOUS FLOW 11-23 FIGURE 11-3................. CONDUCTOR CHART, INTERMITTENT FLOW 11-24 TABLE 11-9. CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY AND RESISTANCE OF COPPER WIRE 11-25 TABLE 11-10.CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY AND RESISTANCE OF
ALUMINUM WIRE11-25
11-67..... METHODS FOR DETERMINING CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY OF WIRES
.11-26
FIGURE 11-4A. ............................ SINGLE COPPER WIRE IN FREE AIR 11-29 FIGURE 11-4B. ............................ SINGLE COPPER WIRE IN FREE AIR 11-30 FIGURE 11- 5............................................ BUNDLE DERATING CURVES 11-31 FIGURE 11-6. ...........................................ALTITUDE DERATING CURVE 11-32
11-68......................................INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF ELECTRICAL WIRE CHART
.11-27
11-69.......................................................COMPUTING CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY
.11-33
11-70.11-75. [RESERVED.]11-34
SECTION 6. AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL WIRE SELECTION
11-76GENERAL
.11-35
11-77......................................................................................AIRCRAFT WIRE MATERIALS
.11-35
11-78SUBSTITUTIONS
.11-36
11-79.11-84. [RESERVED.]11-37
SECTION 7. TABLE OF ACCEPTABLE WIRES
11-85...............................................................................................AIRCRAFT WIRE TABLE
.11-39
TABLE 11- 11......................................................................OPEN WIRING 11-40 TABLE 11- 12..........................................................PROTECTED WIRING 11-41
11-86. OPEN AIRFRAME IN TERCONNECTING WIRE11-39
11-87. PROTECTE D WIRE11-39
11-88. SEVERE WIND AND MOISTURE PROBLEMS (SWAMP)11-39
11-89. SHIELDED WIRE11-39
11-90.11-95. [RESERVED.]11-41
SECTION 8. WIRING INSTALLATION INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS
11-96GENERAL
.11-43
11-97..............................................................................................WIRING REPLACEMENT
.11-45
11-98....................................................................... TERMINALS AND TERMINAL BLOCKS
.11-46
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Page liii
11-99......................................................................................FUSES AND FUSE HOLDERS
.11-46
11-100CONNECTORS
.11-47
11-101...........JUNCTION BOXES, PANELS, SHIELDS, AND MICROSWITCH HOUSINGS
.11-48
11-102...CONDUIT-RIGID METALLIC, FLEXIBLE METALLIC AND RIGID NONMETALLIC
.11-48
11-103JUNCTIONS
.11-48
11-104.................................................................................................. CIRCUIT BREAKERS
.11-49
11-105.............................................................................................. SYSTEM SEPARATION
.11-49
11-106.......................................................... ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (EMI)
.11-49
11-107.............................................................................................INTERFERENCE TESTS
.11-49
11-108.....IDENTIFICATION STENCILS AND PLACARDS ON ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
.11-50
11-109.11-114. [RESERVED.]11-50
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Page liv SECTION 9. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND INSPECTION
11-115..........................................................................MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS
.11-51
11-116.......................................................................................GROUP AND BUNDLE TIES
.11-51
FIGURE 11- 7................................................GROUP AND BUNDLE TIES 11-51 FIGURE 11-8.........COMB FOR STRAIGHTENING WIRES IN BUNDLES 11-51
11-117..................................................................................... MINIMUM WIRE BEND RADII
.11-51
11-118SLACK
.11-52
FIGURE 11-9. ..........................................SLACK BETWEEN SUPPORTS 11-52
11-119......................................................................................................POWER FEEDERS
.11-52
11-120....................................................................................................................RF CABLE
.11-52
11-121PRECAUTIONS
.11-52
11-122.......... MOISTURE PROTECTION, WHEEL WELLS, AND LANDING GEAR AREAS
.11-53
11-123...............................................PROTECTION AGAINST PERSONNEL AND CARGO
.11-53
11-124.................................................................................................HEAT PRECAUTIONS
.11-53
11-125..................................................... MOVABLE CONTROLS WIRING PRECAUTIONS
.11-53
11-126............................................................................FLAMMABLE FLUIDS AND GASES
.11-53
FIGURE 11-10....... SEPARATION OF WIRES FROM PLUMBING LINES 11-54
11-127.11-134. [RESERVED.]11-55
SECTION 10. SERVICE LOOP HARNESSES (PLASTIC TIE STRIPS)
11-135GENERAL
.11-55
11-136SUPPORT
.11-55
11-137.........................................................................................ANTI-CHAFING MATERIAL
.11-55
11-138...........................................................................................................STRAIN RELIEF
.11-55
11-139. .........................................................................................................SERVICE LOOP
.11-55
11-140.11-145. [RESERVED.]11-56
SECTION 11. CLAMPING
11-146GENERAL
.11-57
FIGURE 11-11. ............................... SAFE ANGLE FOR CABLE CLAMPS 11-58
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Page lv FIGURE 11-12.TYPICAL MOUNTING HARDWARE FOR MS-21919 CABLE CLAMPS 11-58 FIGURE 11-13................IN STALLING CABLE CLAMP TO STRUCTURE 11-59 FIGURE 11- 14................................. CLAMPING AT A BULKHEAD HOLE 11-60
11-147................................................................WIRE AND CABLE CLAMPS INSPECTION
.11-57
11-148.11-154. [RESERVED.]11-60
SECTION 12. WIRE INSULATION AND LACING STRING TIE
11-155GENERAL
.11-61
11-156.......................................................................................... INSULATION MATERIALS
.11-61
11-157........................................................................................... STRIPPING INSULATION
.11-61
TABLE 11-13.................ALLO WABLE NICKED OR BROKEN STRANDS 11-62
11-158...................................................................................................... LACING AND TIES
.11-61
FIGURE 11- 15..................................................... SINGLE CORD LACING 11-63 FIGURE 11- 16....................................................DOUBLE CORD LACING 11-63 FIGURE 11-17. .................................................................... MAKING TIES 11-64
11-159..................................................................................................... INSULATION TAPE
.11-62
11-160.11-166. [RESERVED.]11-64