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NTSB investigations

20,559 cases where the phase of flight was Initial climb.

Cases, newest first

Query with SQL
duckdb -csv -c "WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
    crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
    current_codes AS (
      SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e.\"tier1Number\" AS INTEGER) AS code,
        row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e.\"isDefiningEvent\", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
      FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
      WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e.\"tier1Number\" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
        AND (e.\"isDefiningEvent\" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT \"mKey\" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE \"isPre1982\"))
    ),
    phases AS (
      SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
      FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
      UNION ALL
      SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\", w.main
      FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\"
      WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o.\"occurrenceNumber\" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
    ),
    case_phases AS (
      SELECT p.*, c.\"eventDate\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
      FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c.\"mKey\" = p.case_mkey
      LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
      WHERE c.\"eventDate\" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
    )
  SELECT c.\"ntsbNumber\", c.\"eventDate\", c.\"eventType\", c.\"eventCity\", c.\"eventStateOrRegion\", a.n_number, a.\"aircraftMake\", a.\"aircraftModel\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\", c.\"totalFatal\", c.\"completionStatus\", c.report_url
  FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c.\"mKey\" AND a.position = 1
  WHERE c.\"mKey\" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 350)
  ORDER BY c.\"eventDate\" DESC, c.\"ntsbNumber\" DESC"

Prints the whole list as CSV. It reads the release’s Parquet files over HTTPS, so there’s nothing to download first. Install DuckDB to run it.

NTSB CHI84LA366Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna A188B · Delavan, MNThe plt stated the acft would not climb rapidly enough on takeoff to clear powerlines. Plt elected to fly under the wires instead of climbing over them and risking stalling the acft. The prop, windshield, and vert stabilizer contacted the lowest wire. Plt…Aug 27, 1984 · N4797Q · Substantial damageNTSB LAX84LA457Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-161 · Truckee, CAThe plt stated that she rotated the acft at 65 KTS and the acft lifted off at 70 KTS. Shortly after liftoff the acft veered to the left and the stall warning horn activated. The plt lowered the pitch attitude, the acft began to settle and the right main…Aug 26, 1984 · N3573X · Substantial damageNTSB CHI84LA363Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150 · Brookville, OHThe CFI made a successful forced landing on a highway median strip while on a dual night x-country flt after a pwr loss occurred. CFI drained the fuel sumps and was able to restart the engine. He then decided to takeoff from the median and fly the acft back…Aug 26, 1984 · N50699 · Substantial damageNTSB CHI84FA364Accident · 4 fatalField investigationFinal reportCessna A185F · Lake Delton, WIThe float plane crashed shortly after taking off from Lake Delton while of a sight-seeing flt. The acft was used daily during the tourist season on flts of aprx 15 min long. This was the 8th or 9th flt of the day & was the 4th or 5th flt since refueling. A…Aug 26, 1984 · N61584 · DestroyedNTSB NYC84FIA03Accident · Minor injuriesFinal reportBeech 35 · Park Hall, MDThe plt noted that the engine ran rough at low RPM but smoothed out at higher pwr settings. Despite that finding the pltelected to takeoff but aborted as he realized that he would not be able to get airborne before reaching the end of the rwy. After taxiing…Aug 25, 1984 · N2987V · Substantial damageNTSB NYC84FFJ04Accident · 1 fatalFinal reportSchweizer SGS 1-36 · Elmira, NYVery shortly after takeoff at 150 to 200 ft the tow rope failed. The glider initiated a steep left turn back to the arpt. During the turn witnesses observed the acft to stall and enter an uncontrolled near vertical descent to ground impact.Aug 25, 1984 · N3622E · Substantial damageNTSB ATL84LA271Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172P · Biloxi, MSPrior to departure the pilot determined that his destination, a grass runway, was dry. His first approach to this field resulted in a go-around because he would have landed long. The second approach resulted in a landing, but because his wheels began to slide…Aug 24, 1984 · N55384 · DestroyedNTSB MKC84LA260Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAir Tractor AT-301 · Dexter, MOThe engine on the ag-plane lost power during takeoff and the plt began dumping his load as he made a forced landing. Thelanding area available was a flooded rice levee. The acft was landed tailwheel first but when the main gear dug in, the acft nose over.…Aug 23, 1984 · N31623 · Substantial damageNTSB MIA84LA238Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBell 206B · Ocoee, FLThe acft rolled over during an attempted takeoff when one skid became stuck in the soft terrain. The plt had landed to deplane a passenger and upon attempting to takeoff the plt found one skid was stuck. The plt continued to apply takeoff power and the acft…Aug 23, 1984 · N2067M · Substantial damageNTSB FTW84LA362Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA28-151 · Pecan Island, LADue to the wet condition of the sod strip the plt used only the last 1,000 ft of the strip for the takeoff. During the roll he felt that insufficient rwy remained and initiated an aborted takeoff. Unable to stop however the plt resumed the attempted takeoff.…Aug 23, 1984 · N44307 · Substantial damageNTSB ANC84LA144Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 206 · Viekoda Bay, AKBefore taking off, the plt had become preoccupied with pumping water from the floats & allowed the acft to drift downwind from a fishing vessel. He then elected to takeoff into the wind which was also directly toward the sun. After making a normal rough water…Aug 23, 1984 · N4877Y · DestroyedNTSB SEA84LA210Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportGlobe GC-1B · Sheridan, ORCFI stated, 'the acft became airborne aprx 2/3 of the way down a 3000 ft gravel and dirt rwy. At lift off, OR slightly before or after, student put on full flaps. Until this point student was in control of the airplane except for minor corrections from me.…Aug 22, 1984 · N2345B · Substantial damageNTSB LAX84FA451Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportCessna T337G · Paradise, CAWitnesses observed the acft touchdown then heard a power application and watched the acft depart in a nose high attitude. The left wing of the acft struck an aprx 70 ft tall tree about 600 ft from the end of the rwy and 200 ft left of the rwy extended…Aug 22, 1984 · N4445P · DestroyedNTSB DEN84LA263Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 185 · Akron, COThe aircraft was aprx 200 lbs under max gross weight for the takeoff. According to the pilot all of his previous takeoffs had been at near sea level. He stated that he was not used to high density takeoffs such as this one (7011 feet density altitude). The…Aug 22, 1984 · N1980U · Substantial damageNTSB NYC84LA292Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 152II · Mercer, PADuring takeoff from ballard field the engine lost partial power. The acft struck a power line during descent, abruptly losing airspeed, and then striking the ground. Post accident investigation revealed the engine spark plug gaps were too wide.Aug 21, 1984 · N5545L · Substantial damageNTSB NYC84LA291Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 210J · Pine Grove Mill, PADuring takeoff, the eng lost power as the acft was climbing thru about 400 ft AGL. The plane was damaged during a wheel-up landing. The plt reported that a braided fuel line had ruptured & allowed fuel to leak out of the right fuel tank while the acft was…Aug 21, 1984 · N3313S · Substantial damageNTSB ATL84LA266Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-140 · Iuka, MSOn initial climb from take-off, a partial power loss occurred. Carb heat was selected but pwr remained at a level too low to sustain altitude and a forced landing was effected in rough, wooded terrain. Investigation revealed no discrepancies in the fuel or…Aug 21, 1984 · N7136R · Substantial damageNTSB LAX84LA445Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAir Tractor AT-301 · San Joaquin, CAThe Air Tractor was on takeoff initial climb and was about 20 ft high when the engine began to backfire. The aircraft settled into the cotton field and rotated about 90 degrees after ground contact. The plt reported that the number one cylinder was found to…Aug 19, 1984 · N8636S · Substantial damageNTSB FTW84LA352Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportSchweizer SGS 1-26E · Mineral Wells, TXThe glider was destroyed during ground contact after stalling at aprx 250 ft AGL. The plt reported that conflicting traffic resulted in an acceleration of the tow truck and a premature release of the towed acft. After the release the ascending acft stalled…Aug 19, 1984 · N1129S · DestroyedNTSB FTW84LA360Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 310Q · Amarillo, TXDuring gear retraction on post-maintenance check flight initial climb, gear unlocked light remained on and gear extend/retract motor circuit breaker popped. Plt reset cb and heard a 'loud pop' from the nose section of the acft. Plt then extended gear but nose…Aug 18, 1984 · N6283Q · Substantial damageNTSB ATL84LA260Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBeech J35 · Chesapeake, VAThe acft had not been flown for about 5 yrs. The plt, who was a mechanic, performed an eng ground run & the eng stopped after he noted a fuel flow problem. He examined the eng & found that the fuel injectors were clogged with corrosion. They were cleaned, &…Aug 18, 1984 · N256AA · Substantial damageNTSB NYC84LA285Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportNavion Navion · Brodheadsville, PAShortly after takeoff pilot was advised of model aircraft in flight path, evasive action taken, however, presence of model not confirmed. Pilot reduced pwr below recommeded RPM causing aircraft to settle. Pilot then applied pwr to avoid collision with trees.…Aug 17, 1984 · N8811H · DestroyedNTSB FTW84LA358Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna A188B · Olton, TXA ttl loss of power occurred during the initial takeoff climb. A forced landing was made in a field during which the acft contacted a ditch. The right wing and right main gear were torn from the acft. Post accident investigation revealed the left fuel tank…Aug 17, 1984 · N4863R · Substantial damageNTSB MIA84LA231Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172M · Navarre, FLThe plt-in-command allowed a young boy with no plt license or experience to manipulate the flt controls during takeoff. The boy pulled full back elevator control at rotation. The aircraft climbed to approximately 30 to 50 ft & stalled, then it descended back…Aug 16, 1984 · N1410V · Substantial damageNTSB ANC84LA139Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 170B · Barter Island, AKPlt landed on a gravel bar in wilderness for hunting. Two days later, estimating about 1400 ft of usable surface was available for takeoff, he elected to takeoff uphill to take advantage of a slight headwind condition in that direction. The surface of loose…Aug 16, 1984 · N2779C · Substantial damageNTSB NYC84FA275Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportCessna 172I · Brockport, NYThe acft crashed into trees about 2500 ft from the takeoff point. Witnesses observed the acft in a running takeoff aftera normal landing. The acft failed to gain alt and stayed at about 50 ft AGL. The acft had taken off on rwy 28 & after takeoff was seen…Aug 15, 1984 · N8439L · DestroyedNTSB MIA84LA227Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAero Commander 520 · Stuart, FLThe acft collided with a fence at the departure end of the rwy during takeoff. The acft tires were grossly under inflated and the turf rwy was wet and soft. One witness said the acft made an intersection takeoff without using the entire rwy length. After the…Aug 14, 1984 · N7834 · Substantial damageNTSB ANC84FA137Accident · No injuriesField investigationFinal reportPiper PA-18A · Mckinley, AKThe acft crashed while attemptng a takeoff from a gravel bar. The plt estimated the useable area for takeoff as 400 to 500 ft. investigation revealed that the density altitude was at least 3400 ft MSL. A test eng run after the acft was recovered, determined…Aug 14, 1984 · N1561P · Substantial damageNTSB SEA84FA198Accident · Serious injuriesField investigationFinal reportLuscombe 8F · Levenworth, WAAccording to the plt, downdrafts encountered after takeoff prevented a normal climb and resulted in a collision with trees at 60 to 80 ft AGL aprx 1 mile from the arpt.Aug 12, 1984 · N1509B · DestroyedNTSB CHI84LA405Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-24-250 · Mackinac Island, MIPlt stated that during takeoff, at an alt of 40 feet AGL a loss of power occurred. He reported he landed straight ahead on the end of the runway. The airplane continued into a field off the departure end of the rwy, into weeds before it struck a steel fence…Aug 12, 1984 · N7799P · Substantial damageNTSB MKC84LA247Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportDarrell W. MC Moran Monnett Moni · El Dorado, ARAfter lift-off on initial test flight of this homebuilt acft, the engine ceased to develop full RPM. The plt was unable to establish a rate of climb to clear terrain obstacles in the flight path, colliding first with tree tops and then the ground. Plt…Aug 11, 1984 · N120BL · DestroyedNTSB ATL84FA251Accident · 3 fatalField investigationFinal reportDouglas DC3C-S1C3G · Memphis, TNMoments after the DC-3 took off, the twr ctlr noted the l eng was torching & asked the flt if it was 'having a problem.'the crew replied 'affirmative,' then the ctlr clrd the flt to lnd on any rwy. The acft began turning left at the end of the rwy & contd…Aug 11, 1984 · N70003 · DestroyedNTSB SEA84LA193Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportTemco GC-1B · Langley, WAThe ATP was attempting a short field three point takeoff during which trees needed to be cleared. When realizing sufficient alt had not been obtained to clear the trees, the CFI took over the controls and applied back pressure in an attempt to climb. The acft…Aug 9, 1984 · N2420B · Substantial damageNTSB CHI84LA341Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172F · Delaware, OHAfter being airborne for aprx 20 min the plt landed, taxied to the end of the strip, and departed again. At about 300 ft AGL the power loss occurred. Investigation of the wreckage revealed 3 qts of oil in the eng with no apparent oil leaks, a combination of…Aug 9, 1984 · N8333U · Substantial damageNTSB ATL84FA250Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportCessna 150F · Banner Elk, NCAcft observed to depart short strip in hi dens alt conditions, 'wobbled into the air.' Acft did not circle for altitude, but headed straight ahead toward rising terrain 'wings rocking' at slow speed before right wing dropped and acft collided with terrain. No…Aug 9, 1984 · N6979F · DestroyedNTSB MKC84LA243Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportTate SNS-7 · Larned, KSPlt stated that shortly after takeoff a loss of pwr occurred. Plt pulled up to fly over pwr lines rather than hit a fence under the lines. The acft cleared the wires then stalled into a field. The plt stated the engine was running roughduring the previous flt…Aug 8, 1984 · N22KT · Substantial damageNTSB FTW84LA348Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 152 · Del Rio, TXJust after liftoff from the fourth touch-and-go landing, the plt heard and felt an impact. Continuing climbout, he observed a deer carcass on the runway. A subsequent uneventful full stop lndg was made but substantial damage had been incurred in the left main…Aug 8, 1984 · N6571L · Substantial damageNTSB DEN84LA256Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-36-285 · Kennebec, SDThe plt stated that shortly after takeoff when the aircraft was 25 feet in the air a downdraft was encountered near a small hill at the end of the runway. The descent caused by the downdraft could not be arrested and the aircraft collided with the ground. The…Aug 8, 1984 · N56687 · Substantial damageNTSB BFO84FA003Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportPiper L-21-A · Selbyville, DEAt the conclusion of towing banners with no pax on board, the acft was landed and topped off with fuel. The plt then reentered the acft and an additional employee got in the rear seat with the intension of flying to a nearby airport for a plt exchange. During…Aug 8, 1984 · N10468 · DestroyedNTSB ATL84FA248Accident · 4 fatalField investigationFinal reportCessna 421C · Kennesaw, GAAccording to witnesses, the acft entered clouds at low alt during the initial climb after takeoff. They reported that the acft then turned sharply back toward the arpt & descended below the clouds. It rolled out in the direction of the crash site with the…Aug 8, 1984 · N98457 · DestroyedNTSB MIA84LA221Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-36 · Bainbridge, GAThe acft was destroyed by fire after it crashed into a wooded area just beyond the runway after taking off on a crop control flt. The plt stated that after takeoff he saw smoke and flames coming from under the cowling. The acft would not maintain alt and…Aug 7, 1984 · N9943P · DestroyedNTSB CHI84LA340Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportHiller 12E · Big Lake, MNThe acft lost power during takeoff and rolled over during a forced landing. The pilot said the engine 'sucked up accumulated water into the gas line.' He later said water was found in the refueling truck. His recommendation: 'keep water out of gas.'Aug 7, 1984 · N67115 · DestroyedNTSB NYC84LA263Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150 · Hanover, NJApch was high but plt continued apch with power at idle and full flaps. Plt misjudged rwy length and touched down 1/2 way down the rwy. To avoid hitting trees at end of rwy, plt aborted the landing. Plt stated that with the slow airspeed and full flaps the…Aug 6, 1984 · N6031K · Substantial damageNTSB CHI84LA339Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-140 · Washington Is., WIThe acft stalled and crashed after the engine lost power at about 50 ft AGL during takeoff. The acft caught fire after touchdown. The fire consumed the cockpit and cabin. An examination of wreckage showed the fuel selector on the left tank. The left tank had…Aug 6, 1984 · N3505Q · Substantial damageNTSB CHI84LA335Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-140 · Lebanon, OHPlt attempted takeoff on 1100 ft of remaining rwy with a 5 kt tailwind. Acft became airborne but was unable to clear power lines located 1000 ft beyond the departure end of the rwy. Density alt at time of accident was calculated to be 3600 ft. with these…Aug 6, 1984 · N56871 · DestroyedNTSB MIA84FA218Accident · Minor injuriesField investigationFinal reportCessna 150J · San Juan, PRStudent pilot carrying a passenger took off with the flaps in the full down position. The aircraft stalled shortly after takeoff and impacted the runway in a nose low, left wing low attitude.Aug 5, 1984 · N2749C · Substantial damageNTSB FTW84LA338Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150B · Weatherford, TXThe plt had been performing successful solo touch & go landings toward rising terrain with a high ambient temp, but after boarding a passenger the acft failed to clear the rising terrain and stalled into the trees. The density alt was about 3600 ft while the…Aug 5, 1984 · N1216Y · DestroyedNTSB CHI84LA332Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportArnold Forest Quickie 2 · Grantsburg, WIThe acft made one forced landing after engine trouble. The plt cleaned the fuel filters and took off for a test flt. The engine failed during takeoff. Post accident inspection of the engine showed it would run but the oil pressure was very low.Aug 5, 1984 · CGUER · DestroyedNTSB CHI84LA331Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAeronca 65-LA · Monon, INThe plt stated that after he had landed, he shut off the fuel valve & was going to put the acft in the hangar then decided to fly a little more. He took off, but forgot to turn on the fuel switch. After climbing aprx 150 ft, the eng lost power. Subsequently,…Aug 5, 1984 · N23958 · Substantial damageNTSB ATL84LA245Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna R182 · Rome, GAThe acft made a hard landing after a power loss during takeoff. The ground was soft from rain and the nose gear failed at the fork as it dug into the dirt. The plts said that before takeoff they had checked for water in the fuel from both wing sumps and…Aug 5, 1984 · N9080C · Substantial damage