NTSB investigations
20,992 cases where the phase of flight was Approach.
Cases, newest first
Query with SQL
duckdb -csv -c "WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e.\"tier1Number\" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e.\"isDefiningEvent\", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e.\"tier1Number\" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e.\"isDefiningEvent\" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT \"mKey\" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE \"isPre1982\"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o.\"occurrenceNumber\" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c.\"eventDate\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c.\"mKey\" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c.\"eventDate\" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c.\"ntsbNumber\", c.\"eventDate\", c.\"eventType\", c.\"eventCity\", c.\"eventStateOrRegion\", a.n_number, a.\"aircraftMake\", a.\"aircraftModel\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\", c.\"totalFatal\", c.\"completionStatus\", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c.\"mKey\" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c.\"mKey\" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c.\"eventDate\" DESC, c.\"ntsbNumber\" DESC"Prints the whole list as CSV. It reads the release’s Parquet files over HTTPS, so there’s nothing to download first. Install DuckDB to run it.
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESCRun it at the DuckDB prompt, or in any tool that reads Parquet over HTTPS. More ways to query the release are on Use the data.
NTSB ERA15LA354Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 177 · Moneta, VAThe pilot's premature retraction of the wing flaps and his subsequent failure to maintain pitch control during an attempted go-around, which resulted in the airplane exceeding its critical angle-of-attack and an aerodynamic stall. Contributing to the accident…NTSB WPR15FA258Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportSilvaire Luscombe 8A · Creswell, ORThe pilot's decision to return to the runway shortly after takeoff, and his failure to maintain adequate airspeed during the turn, which resulted in the airplane exceeding its critical angle-of-attack and experiencing an aerodynamic stall and spin.NTSB ERA15LA344Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportEasterwood Mark W RV 6A · Rome, GAThe pilot's inadequate preflight inspection and fuel planning, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.NTSB ERA15FA340Accident · 3 fatalField investigationFinal reportBeech A36 · Kernersville, NCThe pilot's loss of airplane control due to spatial disorientation, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall/spin. Contributing to the accident was deficient Federal Aviation Administration air traffic control training on recognition and handling of…NTSB ERA15LA343Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportDehavilland DHC-6 · Louisburg, NCThe propeller’s movement to the beta position during landing for reasons that could not be determined during postaccident examination and testing, which resulted in an attempted go-around and subsequent loss of airplane control.NTSB ERA15LA342Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 152 · Miami, FLThe pilot's improper preflight fuel planning and in-flight fuel management, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.NTSB ERA15LA341Accident · Minor injuriesClass 2 · LimitedFinal reportPiper PA 28RT-201 · Russell Springs, KYMaintenance personnel’s inadequate fuel injection servo maintenance due to an out-of-date AD list, which resulted in the fuel injection servo plug backing out of the threaded plug hole on the regulator cover of the fuel injection servo and subsequent total…NTSB ERA15FA330Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportCirrus Design SR22 · Alabaster, ALAn in-flight loss of airplane control for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examination of the airframe and engine revealed no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation.NTSB WPR15FA250Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportPiper PA 25 · Llano, CAThe pilot's loss of airplane control during the landing approach due to an incapacitating medical event.NTSB ERA15FA326Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportPiper PA44 · Houlton, METhe pilot's descent below the published minimum descent altitude in night instrument meteorological conditions without visual contact with the runway environment, which resulted in a collision with trees and terrain short of the runway. Contributing to the…NTSB ERA15FA325Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportCessna 310R · Titusville, FLThe pilot's continued flight into known convective weather conditions, which resulted in the airplane's encounter with thunderstorms and the pilot's subsequent loss of airplane control during a missed approach. Contributing to the accident was the failure of…NTSB WPR15LA249Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportSchweizer 269C - Undesignat · Mesa, AZThe disbondment of a main rotor damper, which resulted in the degradation of its damping action and led to excessive main rotor vibrations and oscillations that caused substantial damage to the helicopter in flight and led to a hard landing.NTSB CEN15FA374Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportBeech 35 B33 · El Dorado, ARThe loss of engine power for reasons that could not be determined during postaccident examination of the accident site or based on the available information and the pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed and his exceedance of the airplane's critical…NTSB DCA15WA187Accident · 7 fatalForeign investigationCessna 441 · Cape Town, South AfricaThe government of South Africa has notified the NTSB of an accident involving a Cessna 441 airplane that occurred on August 17, 2015. The NTSB has appointed a U.S. Accredited Representative to assist the government of South Africa's investigation under the…NTSB CEN15WA394Accident · 1 fatalForeign investigationPiper PA-34-220T · Newquay, United Kingdom, United KingdomOn August 17, 2015, about 1833 universal time (UTC), a Czech Republic registered Piper PA-34-220T, OK-OKD, sustained substantial damage during a go-around at the Newquay Cornwall Airport, Newquay, United Kingdom. The pilot was fatally injured. The…NTSB WPR15MA243Accident · 5 fatalMajor investigationFinal reportCessna 172M · San Diego, CAThe local controller's (LC) failure to properly identify the aircraft in the pattern and to ensure control instructions provided to the intended Cessna on downwind were being performed before turning Eagle1 into its path for landing. Contributing to the LC's…NTSB ERA15LA315Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA 28-161 · Bristow, VAThe student pilot’s failure to maintain altitude during approach, which resulted in controlled flight into terrain. Contributing to the accident was the student’s distraction due to other traffic in the airport traffic pattern.NTSB DCA15LA173Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAirbus A321 · Charlotte, NCan encounter with a small microburst on short final at low altitude that resulted in a loss of lift and a tail strike during the go-around. Contributing to the accident was the captain's decision to continue the approach without applying appropriate windshear…NTSB ERA15CA317Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal reportErcoupe 415 C · Fairmont, WVThe pilot's failure to maintain airspeed and his exceedance of the wing's critical angle of attack, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and subsequent collision with terrain.NTSB CEN15CA356Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal reportTaylorcraft BC12-D · Pearland, TXThe student pilot inadvertently shut off the fuel valve while on the downwind leg, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel starvation and a forced landing short of the runway.NTSB CEN15LA361Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150 · Brookfield, MOThe pilot's failure to visually check the quantity of fuel in the fuel tanks in accordance with the Preflight checklist, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion and the subsequent forced landing.NTSB CEN15FA342Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportPiper PA 32R-300 · Harbor Springs, MIThe pilot's failure to maintain clearance from the trees during the approach in dark, night conditions, which resulted in controlled flight into trees and terrain.NTSB ERA15LA301Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172 · Kissimmee, FLThe student pilot's inadequate preflight inspection of the fuel system, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel contamination.NTSB CEN15LA354Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna C421B · Clovis, NMThe pilot's improper management of fuel to the left engine during approach for landing, which resulted in a total loss of left engine power due to fuel starvation, and his subsequent failure to maintain control during the final landing approach, which…NTSB ERA15FA298Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportMchugh Tony Kitfox Model 1 · Montrose, PAThe pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during final approach, which resulted in the airplane's wing exceeding its critical angle-of-attack and a subsequent aerodynamic stall.NTSB ERA15LA296Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBell 47G 3B 1 · Camden, ALA failure of the helicopter's hydraulic flight control systems for reasons that could not be determined due to the fire damage, and the pilot's inability to turn off the hydraulic system to relieve control pressure.NTSB CEN15LA333Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182 · Watertown, WIThe total loss of engine power due to carburetor icing.NTSB DCA15WA163Incident · No injuriesForeign investigationBoeing 737 - 4Q8 · St Georges sur Meuse, BelgiumThe Air Accidents Investigation Unit (AAIU) of Belgium has notified the NTSB of an incident involving a Boeing 737-4Q8, which occurred on July 31, 2015. The NTSB has appointed a U.S. Accredited Representative to assist the AAIU investigation under the…NTSB CEN15LA326Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportEagle Eagle DW 1 · Hector, MNThe intermittent partial loss of engine power, which resulted in a lower-than-expected approach glidepath and impact with terrain short of the runway. The reason for the intermittent partial loss of engine power could not be determined because postaccident…NTSB WPR15LA223Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportStinson 108 - 3 · North Las Vegas, NVThe partial loss of engine power due to a degraded cylinder exhaust valve seal, which resulted in low cylinder compression.NTSB CEN15FA325Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-151 · Truth or Consequences, NMThe student pilot's improper decision to conduct a flight in dark night conditions without a solo night flight endorsement and his subsequent loss of airplane control.NTSB ERA15FA277Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportCirrus Design SR20 · Lake Wales, FLA partial loss of engine power due to oil starvation. Contributing was the flight instructor's failure to maintain control of the airplane during an aborted emergency landing, and his delayed decision to deploy the airplane's parachute system.NTSB CEN15FA311Accident · Serious injuriesField investigationFinal reportPiper PA-46-310P · Oshkosh, WIThe pilot's failure to perform a go-around after receiving a modified landing clearance and his failure to maintain adequate airspeed while maneuvering to land, which resulted in the airplane exceeding its critical angle of attack in a steep bank and entering…NTSB ERA15WA290Accident · 1 fatalForeign investigationCessna 210D · Rio Verde, BrazilNTSB ERA15LA276Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportGrumman American Avn. AA1B · Lititz, PAA partial loss of engine power for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examination of the engine found no mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation.NTSB ERA15CA272Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal reportSmith Steen Skybolt · Junction City, KYThe pilot's inaccurate fuel planning, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.NTSB CEN15WA440Accident · Serious injuriesForeign investigationMaule MX7 · Munster, SwitzerlandOn July 18, 2015 about 0857 UTC, a Maule MX7-235 airplane, Swiss registration HB-KDF, impacted terrain during a go around near the Munster Airport (LSPU), near Munster, Switzerland. The pilot and two passengers sustained minor injuries and one passenger…NTSB GAA15CA227Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportRobinson Helicopter R44 · Sandusky, MIThe pilot's failure to monitor the landing environment while operating in a confined off-airport site resulting in a wire strike and substantial damage to the helicopter.NTSB GAA15CA188Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportChampion 7GCAA · Kingsland, TXThe pilot's failure to maintain pitch attitude which resulted in an aerodynamic stall, hard landing and a loss of directional control.NTSB CEN15LA357Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA 30 · Clifton, TXThe pilot's failure to maintain control during a precautionary landing following a total loss of power to one engine. The reason for the loss of engine power could not be determined based on available information.NTSB ERA15CA264Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal reportHaphey Bruce Frederic Mustang II · Palatka, FLThe pilot's failure to maintain airplane control during a balked landing and attempted go-around in dark night conditions and without a landing light, which resulted in collision with terrain.NTSB GAA15CA172Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportSchweizer SGS 1 26B · Silver Springs, NVThe pilot's improper decision making in adverse weather conditions, which resulted in an encounter with weather and impact with terrain.NTSB GAA15CA178Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportPiper PA 24-250 · Newton, KSThe failure of the right main landing gear down-lock micro switch, which resulted in a landing gear collapse during landing, and the pilot/owner's unfamiliarity with the emergency landing gear extension procedure. Contributing to the accident was the flight…NTSB WPR15FA205Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportSchweizer 269C · Newberg, ORThe loss of translation/rotational power between the engine and the transmission due to the severe wear of the forward spline portion of the lower coupling drive shaft. The reason for the severe wear of the forward spline could not be definitively determined…NTSB ERA15LA257Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA28 · Galax Hillsville, VAThe pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed while turning onto the final approach leg of the traffic pattern, which led to the airplane exceeding its critical angle-of-attack and experiencing an aerodynamic stall.NTSB WPR15LA201Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182D · Oak Harbor, WAThe pilot’s improper preflight fuel planning, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.NTSB ERA15CA256Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportCessna 170 · Raymond, MSThe flight instructor's inadequate preflight inspection of the fuel system resulting in a total loss of engine power due to fuel contamination.NTSB GAA15CA138Accident · Serious injuriesData collectionFinal reportQuicksilver MXL II Sport · Ute, IAThe pilot's failure to maintain sufficient airspeed to prevent an inadvertent aerodynamic stall, and impact with terrain.NTSB GAA15CA133Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportSchempp-Hirth Ventus 2C · Hobbs, NMThe pilot's improper compensation for gusty wind conditions which resulted in impact with terrain short of the runway.NTSB WPR15LA191Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 180A · Polson, MTA total loss of engine power during approach for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examination revealed no anomalies that would have precluded normal operation.