NTSB investigations
18,849 cases where the phase of flight was Maneuvering.
Cases, newest first
Query with SQL
duckdb -csv -c "WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e.\"tier1Number\" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e.\"isDefiningEvent\", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e.\"tier1Number\" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e.\"isDefiningEvent\" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT \"mKey\" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE \"isPre1982\"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o.\"occurrenceNumber\" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c.\"eventDate\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c.\"mKey\" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c.\"eventDate\" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c.\"ntsbNumber\", c.\"eventDate\", c.\"eventType\", c.\"eventCity\", c.\"eventStateOrRegion\", a.n_number, a.\"aircraftMake\", a.\"aircraftModel\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\", c.\"totalFatal\", c.\"completionStatus\", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c.\"mKey\" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c.\"mKey\" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 450)
ORDER BY c.\"eventDate\" DESC, c.\"ntsbNumber\" DESC"Prints the whole list as CSV. It reads the release’s Parquet files over HTTPS, so there’s nothing to download first. Install DuckDB to run it.
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 450)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESCRun it at the DuckDB prompt, or in any tool that reads Parquet over HTTPS. More ways to query the release are on Use the data.
NTSB CEN17LA284Accident · No injuriesClass 3 · LimitedFinal reportAir Tractor AT802 · Reyno, ARThe pilot’s inadvertent use of the propeller control, which caused the propeller to feather while in flight with the engine still operating, resulting in a loss of thrust and a subsequent forced landing.NTSB CEN17LA272Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-25-235 · Pierce, NEThe pilot’s failure to maintain clearance from trees during a low-level agricultural aerial application flight.NTSB ERA17WA271Accident · Serious injuriesForeign investigationCessna 172 · Khuzhir, RussiaOn July 16, 2017, at 1300 coordinated universal time, a Cessna 172M, Russian registration RA-2842G, ditched into Lake Baikal, near Khuzhir, Irkutskaya Oblast, Russia, after a total loss of engine power. The airplane incurred substantial damage during the…NTSB CEN17FA270Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportNorth American/Aero Classics P 51 · Cummings, KSThe loss of airplane control while maneuvering at low altitude for reasons that could not be determined.NTSB WPR17FA149Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportAviat A · Herriman, UTThe flight instructor's decision to conduct a low-altitude flight into a box canyon in high density altitude conditions and his failure to maintain airspeed while maneuvering to escape the canyon, which resulted in an exceedance of the airplane's critical…NTSB ERA17LA266Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA28R · Pembroke Pines, FLThe loss of engine power for reasons that could not be determined postaccident engine test-runs revealed no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation.NTSB GAA17CA406Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal reportRobinson Helicopter R22 · Wilkes-Barre, PAThe flight instructor's delayed remedial action to maintain helicopter altitude during hover flight instruction, which resulted in the helicopter skid contacting a crack in the runway and a dynamic rollover.NTSB WPR17LA145Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper L 21B · Big Timber, MTThe pilot's decision to fly at low altitude in the vicinity of power lines, which resulted in a wire strike.NTSB CEN17LA267Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportRobinson Helicopter R44 · Ireland, INThe pilot's failure to apply the proper procedures to recover from a loss of tail rotor effectiveness, which resulted in a loss of control during an aerial application turn.NTSB CEN17FA259Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportAir Tractor AT 602 · Cash, ARThe pilot's incapacitation due to a cardiac event, which resulted in a loss of airplane control.NTSB GAA17CA401Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportRobinson Helicopter R44 · Paoli, INThe pilot's decision to maneuver an overgross weight helicopter at a low altitude and airspeed with a gusting tailwind, which resulted in a high descent rate and collision with terrain. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's self-induced pressure to…NTSB ERA17LA235Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna T337 · Greenwood, SCThe pilots' inadequate preflight inspection, during which they failed to adequately verify the quantity of fuel, which resulted in fuel exhaustion, a subsequent total loss of power to both engines, and a forced landing into trees. Contributing to the accident…NTSB WPR17LA143Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportRobinson Helicopter R44 II · Ronan, MTThe pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in a loss of tail rotor effectiveness during a low-altitude orbiting maneuver and a subsequent hard landing.NTSB GAA17CA393Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportBell 206 · Dixon, KYThe pilot’s failure to see and avoid power lines while maneuvering at a low altitude. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s failure to adequately identify hazards to flight during agricultural application operation planning.NTSB GAA17CA386Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal reportAlexander Schleicher ASH 31 MI · Ely, NVThe pilot’s failure to maintain the proper airspeed and his exceedance of the glider’s critical angle of attack, which resulted in a stall/spin.NTSB WPR17LA140Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportRobinson R44 · Bella Vista, CAA partial loss of engine power during low-altitude maneuvering for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examinations of the engine and airframe revealed no evidence of any preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have…NTSB GAA17CA388Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportCessna 207 · Hope, AKThe pilot’s inadvertent flight into instrument meteorological conditions and subsequent controlled flight into terrain.NTSB GAA17CA385Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportAir Tractor AT 502 · Edna, TXThe pilot’s failure to see and avoid a tower during an agricultural application flight.NTSB ERA17FA231Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportCessna 152 · Homestead, FLThe pilot's loss of control due to spatial disorientation while maneuvering in night conditions over an area devoid of ground reference lights.NTSB WPR17FA139Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportNorth Wing Uum Sport X2 912 · Chelan, WAThe flight instructor's failure to maintain control of the aircraft while demonstrating a spiral dive, which resulted in a loss of control. Contributing to the accident was the instructor's decision to demonstrate a spiral dive maneuver at an altitude that…NTSB GAA17CA402Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportBell 206 · Uniontown, KYThe pilot's failure to maintain adequate separation from power lines, which resulted in a loss of helicopter control.NTSB CEN17LA244Accident · 1 fatalLimited investigationFinal reportAir Tractor AT 602 · Stirum, NDThe pilot's decision to attempt flight with low-level fog in the area, which resulted in an encounter with instrument meteorological conditions and impact with terrain.NTSB GAA17CA369Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportBell 206B · Entiat, WAThe pilot’s failure to secure a loose item inside the cockpit that interfered with antitorque pedal control and led to a loss of helicopter control due to a loss of tail rotor effectiveness.NTSB ANC17CA044Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportBrantly B2 · St. Michael, AKThe pilot’s inadequate supervision of the refueling process, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to water contamination in the helicopter’s fuel system from the fuel drum and subsequent impact with terrain.NTSB CEN17LA241Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172 · Fulton, MOThe partial loss of engine power due to water contamination in the fuel system.NTSB ERA17WA224Accident · 2 fatalForeign investigationMD Helicopter 500 · Schinias Marathonas, GreeceOn June 23, 2017, about 0645 universal coordinated time, a MD Helicopter 500E, Greek registration SX-HBB, was substantially damaged when it struck a power line and impacted terrain near Schinias Marathonas, Greece. The Greek certificated pilot and one…NTSB ERA17LA209Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportHughes 369 · Dennis, WVThe unporting of fuel due to the helicopter's nose-up attitude during long line operations, which resulted in fuel starvation and a total loss of engine power.NTSB GAA17CA368Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal reportSchempp-Hirth Discus 2B · Bishop, CAThe pilot’s exceedance of the glider’s critical angle of attack while maneuvering over rising mountainous terrain, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.NTSB GAA17CA360Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportAir Tractor AT 502 · Portales, NMThe pilot's decision to fly the airplane under transmission lines while maneuvering at low altitude in high-density altitude conditions, which resulted in subsequent collision with terrain.NTSB GAA17CA356Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportRobinson Helicopter R22 · Matagorda, TXThe pilot’s failure to maintain helicopter control during an agricultural flight in gusting wind conditions.NTSB GAA17CA355Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportBell UH1B · Williams, CAThe pilot’s failure to maintain clearance from transmission wires while maneuvering at a low altitude during an agricultural application flight.NTSB CEN17WA237Accident · 1 fatalForeign investigationAmateur Construction Kolb Firefly · Luffenhall, United KingdomOn June 20, 2017, about 0920 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), a Kolb Firefly ultralite, British registration G-CEPN, impacted terrain under unknown circumstances near Newell Lane, Luffenhall, Hertfordshire, England. The pilot, the sole occupant on board, was…NTSB WPR17FA128Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportPrescot E. Wilkie RV-3 · Payette, IDThe in-flight failure of the left wing due to the owner's use of improper hardware and his improper assembly of the airplane, which reduced the strength of the left wing and resulted in its subsequent failure following a sharp pullup maneuver.NTSB CEN17LA232Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBell-Tellijohn 47G · Hastings, MNThe pilot's failure to maintain helicopter control for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examination of the helicopter did not reveal any preimpact mechanical malfunctions or anomalies that would have precluded normal operation.NTSB CEN17LA230Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportGrumman G164 · Delaplaine, ARThe loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion, which resulted in a forced landing on unsuitable terrain.NTSB GAA17CA321Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportAg-Cat G 164 · Tulelake, CAThe pilot’s improper decision to perform a low altitude fly-by over ground equipment, which resulted in the airplane striking the equipment.NTSB WPR17FA120Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportPiper PA 28-180 · Santa Rosa Valley, CAThe pilot's exceedance of the airplane's critical angle of attack while intentionally maneuvering in a steep bank at low altitude, which resulted in an accelerated aerodynamic stall and subsequent loss of control.NTSB CEN17LA216Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportWilliam D Telfair/Zia Z Telfai Excalibur · Albuquerque, NMThe loss of pitch control due to the overload failure of the control rod.NTSB CEN17FA209Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportRobinson Helicopter R44 II · Dimmitt, TXThe pilot's incapacitation due to scarring from previous heart attacks and severe hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall which resulted in arrhythmia and a loss of control while maneuvering at low altitude.NTSB CEN17IA233Incident · No injuriesIncident investigationFinal reportSchroder David Lancair IV P · Fulton, NYThe loss of oil pressure and subsequent engine overspeed/surge during a zero g-force maneuver, which resulted in the separation of a crankshaft counterweight and loss of engine power.NTSB CEN17LA202Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA36 · El Campo, TXFoam contamination in the fuel injector nozzles from deteriorated foam baffles and water in the fuel flow divider, the combination of which resulted in the loss of engine power.NTSB WPR17FA108Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportPiper PA 30 · Haines, AKThe pilot's decision to turn toward the inoperative engine after conducting a low-level pass, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall at too low an altitude to recover. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's decision to perform the flight and the engine…NTSB ERA17LA194Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAvions Mudry Cie CAP 231 · Lebanon, PAThe partial separation of one counterweight and the subsequent seizure of the engine due to mechanical interference. Contributing to the partial separation of the counterweight was the overstress fracture of a retaining ring and the fatigue fracture of the…NTSB ANC17FA026Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportArctic S 1B2 · Salcha, AKThe pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed while maneuvering in high winds, which resulted in the airplane exceeding its critical angle of attack and an aerodynamic stall. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's improper decision to load the…NTSB WPR17LA113Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBell 206B · Rockville, IDThe in-flight failure of the engine-to-transmission drive shaft due to a fatigue fracture of one of the KAflex flex frames caused by a loose bolt, which resulted in a total loss of engine power and a subsequent hard landing.NTSB GAA17CA305Accident · Serious injuriesData collectionFinal reportGrumman Acft ENG Cor-Schweizer G-164 · Maxwell, CAThe pilot's failure to visually check the fuel quantity during the preflight inspection and ensure that sufficient fuel was onboard for the flight, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.NTSB CEN17FA197Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportAerotek Pitts S 2A · Sheboygan Falls, WIThe pilot's failure to maintain airplane control following a partial loss of engine power during a low-level aerobatic maneuver; the reason for the loss of engine power could not be determined during postaccident examination of the engine. Contributing to the…NTSB CEN17FA196Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportPiper J3C · Chetek, WIThe pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane while flying at a low altitude, which resulted in the airplane exceeding the critical angle of attack and a subsequent aerodynamic stall.NTSB GAA17CA299Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportThomas E Hudzinski Backcountry Super CR · Talkeetna, AKThe pilot’s failure to maintain a proper airspeed and his exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.NTSB ERA17WA192Accident · 1 fatalForeign investigationRobinson R22 · Kwa-Zulu Natal, South AfricaThe South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA) has notified the NTSB of an accident involving a Robinson R22 helicopter that occurred on May 20, 2017. The NTSB has appointed a U.S. Accredited Representative to assist SACAA's investigation under the…