NTSB investigations, IL
263 cases where the phase of flight was Taxi.
Cases per year
| 1962 | 2 |
|---|---|
| 1964 | 14 |
| 1965 | 16 |
| 1966 | 21 |
| 1967 | 14 |
| 1968 | 10 |
| 1969 | 7 |
| 1970 | 6 |
| 1971 | 9 |
| 1972 | 10 |
| 1973 | 3 |
| 1974 | 8 |
| 1975 | 9 |
| 1976 | 2 |
| 1977 | 13 |
| 1978 | 15 |
| 1979 | 3 |
| 1980 | 8 |
| 1981 | 6 |
| 1982 | 3 |
| 1983 | 5 |
| 1984 | 5 |
| 1985 | 5 |
| 1986 | 1 |
| 1987 | 1 |
| 1988 | 2 |
| 1989 | 4 |
| 1990 | 1 |
| 1991 | 3 |
| 1992 | 1 |
| 1993 | 2 |
| 1994 | 4 |
| 1995 | 2 |
| 1996 | 1 |
| 1997 | 3 |
| 1999 | 2 |
| 2000 | 2 |
| 2001 | 1 |
| 2002 | 2 |
| 2003 | 1 |
| 2005 | 2 |
| 2006 | 2 |
| 2007 | 2 |
| 2008 | 3 |
| 2009 | 1 |
| 2010 | 1 |
| 2011 | 1 |
| 2012 | 2 |
| 2014 | 1 |
| 2015 | 3 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2018 | 3 |
| 2019 | 2 |
| 2021 | 3 |
| 2022 | 3 |
| 2023 | 1 |
| 2024 | 1 |
| 2025 | 4 |
Where
Latest cases
Query with SQL
duckdb -csv -c "WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e.\"tier1Number\" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e.\"isDefiningEvent\", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e.\"tier1Number\" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e.\"isDefiningEvent\" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT \"mKey\" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE \"isPre1982\"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o.\"occurrenceNumber\" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c.\"eventDate\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c.\"mKey\" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c.\"eventDate\" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c.\"ntsbNumber\", c.\"eventDate\", c.\"eventType\", c.\"eventCity\", c.\"eventStateOrRegion\", a.n_number, a.\"aircraftMake\", a.\"aircraftModel\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\", c.\"totalFatal\", c.\"completionStatus\", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c.\"mKey\" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c.\"eventStateOrRegion\" = 'IL' AND c.\"eventCountry\" = 'USA'
AND c.\"mKey\" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 250)
ORDER BY c.\"eventDate\" DESC, c.\"ntsbNumber\" DESC"Prints the whole list as CSV. It reads the release’s Parquet files over HTTPS, so there’s nothing to download first. Install DuckDB to run it.
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventStateOrRegion" = 'IL' AND c."eventCountry" = 'USA'
AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 250)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESCRun it at the DuckDB prompt, or in any tool that reads Parquet over HTTPS. More ways to query the release are on Use the data.
NTSB DCA26LA047Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportEmbraer S A ERJ 170-200 LR · Chicago, ILUnited Airlines flight crew’s failure to maintain adequate clearance from the parked Envoy Airlines airplane while taxiing in winter weather conditions.NTSB CEN25LA262Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCirrus Design SR22T · Champaign/Urbana, ILThe ground vehicle operator’s failure to maintain clearance from the airplane.NTSB DCA25LA120Accident · Serious injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportBombardier CL-600-2B19 · Chicago, ILThe tug driver’s failure to ensure the taxiway was clear of aircraft prior to crossing, resulting in a collision with the left wing of the taxiing aircraft. Contributing to the accident was the limited visibility of the aircraft due to ambient lighting…NTSB CEN25LA090Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportRutan Long-EZ · Sparta, ILAn onboard fire for unknown reasons.NTSB CEN24LA174Accident · Minor injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCessna 172M · West Chicago, ILThe flight instructor’s failure to maintain control of the airplane during an encounter with wind while holding short of the runway.NTSB DCA24LA043Incident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportBoeing 787 · Chicago, ILThe flight crew’s misperception of the distance required to safely pass the hangar and failure to request additional ground handling support while taxiing, which resulted in a collision with a hangar. Contributing to the accident was United Airlines…NTSB DCA22LA201Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportBoeing 737-7H4 · Chicago, ILSouthwest Airlines flight crew’s misjudgment of the distance required to safely pass the American Airlines airplane.NTSB DCA22LA175Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportBoeing 777 · Chicago, ILThe ground controller’s inappropriate routing of the B777 through a non-movement area, resulting in the airplane’s right wingtip contacting a light pole. Contributing to the accident was the lack of an appropriate display of taxiway BB2 as a restricted…NTSB DCA22LA131Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCostruzioni Aeronautiche Tecna P2012 Traveller · Chicago, ILThe accident airplane encountered jet blast from a departing Boeing 737.NTSB DCA22LA005Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportEmbraer S A ERJ 170-200 LR · Chicago, ILA ground collision by SkyWest flight 5845 that resulted in substantial damage to Republic Airlines flight 3594.NTSB CEN21LA374Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCessna 140 · Greenville, ILThe pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during taxi which resulted in a ground loop.NTSB DCA21LA133Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportBoeing 737-7H4 · Chicago, ILthe failure of the flight crew of N8686A to provide sufficient clearance while taxiing past N289CT, which was stopped.NTSB DCA20CA046Accident · Serious injuriesClass 4 · Data collectionFinal reportBoeing 737 · Chicago, ILan abrupt stop during taxi to avoid a collision with another airplane, causing a flight attendant to fall.NTSB GAA19CA149Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportZenair Zenith Stol CH 701 · Springfield, ILThe pilot's improper crosswind correction during taxi operations in gusting crosswind conditions.NTSB DCA19CA038Accident · Serious injuriesClass 4 · Data collectionFinal reportBoeing 737 · Chicago, ILan object which fell from an overhead bin struck a flight attendant resulting in a serious injury.NTSB GAA18CA588Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportCessna 172 · Chicago, ILThe student pilot's failure to maintain clearance from a truck while taxiing.NTSB GAA18CA360Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportCessna 172 · Salem, ILThe student pilot’s failure to maintain clearance from a pole while taxiing the airplane on the ramp.NTSB DCA17CA147Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportAirbus A321 231 · Chicago, ILthe A321 flight crew's incorrect evaluation of the clearance between the aircraft, leading to the inadvertent collision with the horizontal stabilizer of the CRJ700. Contributing to the accident was traffic congestion that resulted in the CRJ700 having to…NTSB CEN16LA052Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 208B · Chicago, ILThe failure of the driver of the service vehicle to yield to the taxiing airplane, which resulted in a near-collision and tail strike.NTSB CEN15LA334Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 208B · Chicago, ILAn encounter with a wind gust during ground maneuvering and the captain’s improper flight control positioning to account for wind conditions, which resulted in the airplane being blown onto its left wing.NTSB CEN15CA223Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportPiper J3C-65 · De Kalb, ILThe pilot's loss of positional awareness while taxiing, resulting in a collision with a parked and unoccupied airplane. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's difficulty seeing over the nose of the airplane, his preoccupation with trying to control the…NTSB DCA14CA170Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal reportEmbraer EMB 145XR · Chicago, ILThe tractor driver's failure to give way to the taxiing airplane.NTSB DCA12CA082Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportBoeing 747 · Chicago, ILthe B747 Captain's failure to maintain a safe clearance between his wing and the tail of the EMB135 that was stopped on a taxiway.NTSB CEN12LA325Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportRobinson Helicopter R44 II · Peoria, ILThe pilot’s loss of control while hover-taxiing.NTSB CEN12CA084Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportCessna 550 · Moline, ILThe pilot's failure to maintain clearance from the parked, unoccupied airplane while taxiing. Contributing to the accident was the guidance provided by the marshaller.NTSB CEN11LA099Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBoeing 747-47UF · Chicago, ILThe Boeing 747 first officer’s failure to maintain clearance from another airplane while taxiing due to his inadequate judgment of the distance between the airplanes.NTSB CEN09IA222Incident · No injuriesIncident investigationFinal reportBell 206 · Springfield, ILThe pilot's failure to maintain clearance from the parked helicopter.NTSB CEN09LA114Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBoeing 747-212B · Rockford, ILThe ground crew's failure to maintain clearance from the light pole while directing the airplane to parking.NTSB ENG08IA042IncidentIncident investigationFinal reportBoeing 737 · Chicago, ILThe right nose landing gear axle's failure from intergranular and fatigue cracking due to an earlier bearing failure.NTSB CHI08CA081Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportCessna 425 · Cahokia, ILThe pilot not maintaining clearance from the runway sign during taxi for takeoff. A factor contributing to the accident was an icy taxiway.NTSB CHI08LA051Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBombardier CL-600-2B19 · Chicago, ILThe tug driver's failure to yield the right-of-way to the airplane prior to crossing the active taxiway as required by airport procedures, and his subsequent failure to maintain clearance with the airplane. A contributing factor was the presence of the tug on…NTSB CHI07FA184Accident · No injuriesField investigationFinal reportBoeing 777-222 · Chicago, ILThe 777-222's flight crew not maintaining clearance from the parked/standing MD 83 and the airport not coordinating the taxi chart instructions with air traffic control. Contributing to the accident was the MD 83's flight crew not following the taxi chart…NTSB CHI07FA020Accident · No injuriesField investigationFinal reportAirbus A-320-200 · Chicago, ILThe pilot-in-command of the other airplane failed to maintain clearance with the parked airplane during taxi for takeoff.NTSB CHI06CA134Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportPiper PA-28-161 · Grayslake, ILThe student pilot's failure to maintain clearance from the parked vehicle during taxi and the flight instructor's inadequate operational oversight. A factor to the accident was the parked vehicle.NTSB CHI06LA038Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportMcDonnell Douglas MD-10 · Chicago, ILThe failure of the flight crew to see and avoid the crew stairs and the failure of unknown persons to properly secure the stairs after use. Factors associated with the accident were the dark light conditions and the gusty winds.NTSB CHI05LA238Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBoeing 757-33N · Chicago, ILThe flightcrew's failure to maintain clearance from a fence while taxiing.NTSB CHI04FA031Accident · No injuriesField investigationFinal reportCessna 560XL · Wheeling, ILThe flight crew's intentional operation with know deficiencies in the aircraft and their delay in aborting the takeoff when a no-takeoff warning was presented. An additional cause was the crew's failure to comply with flight manual procedures concerning…NTSB CHI03FA014Accident · Minor injuriesField investigationFinal reportBombardier CL-600-2B19 · Chicago, ILThe driver of the bus not maintaining clearance from the taxiing airplane.NTSB CHI02LA090Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182J · Springfield, ILThe pilot not maintaining clearance from a fence while taxiing. The fence was a factor.NTSB CHI01FA270Accident · No injuriesField investigationFinal reportBoeing 717-200 · Mascoutah, ILThe malfunction of the nose gear extension system, which resulted from a previous ground collision with a wheel chock. A factor was the wheel chock.NTSB CHI01LA005Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna T210N · Cahokia, ILaircraft control not being maintained by the inattentive pilot during the taxi. A factor to the accident was the soft terrain condition.NTSB CHI00LA168Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172M · Decatur, ILthe pilot's failure to maintain clearance with the T-hangar while taxiing. A Factor associated with the accident was the pilot's attention was diverted to an other airplane which was taxiing on the same taxi line in the opposite direction.NTSB CHI99LA312Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172M · Bloomington, ILthe pilot's inadequate visual lookout and not performing a maneuver to avoid obstructions. A factor was the road signs.NTSB CHI99IA204Incident · No injuriesIncident investigationFinal reportBoeing 767-323 · Chicago, ILthe pilot's failure to maintain clearance from the parked aircraft while taxiing. A factor in the accident was the failure of ATC to issue a traffic advisory.NTSB CHI98LA033Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBeech C90A · Chicago, ILthe driver of the vehicle failed to yield the right-of-way to an airplane taxiing in a designated airport taxiway.NTSB CHI97LA298Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172G · Chicago, ILthe pilot's selection of the wrong taxi route (service road) and not maintaining clearance between his airplane's wing and a bus.NTSB CHI97IA164Incident · No injuriesIncident investigationFinal reportDouglas DC-10-30F · Chicago, ILthe lack of communications to assure safe operations between aircraft on a non-movement area.NTSB CHI96FA323Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportGlobe GC-1B · Hampshire, ILimproper use of the mini-bike by the driver. Factors relating to the accident were: darkness, the unlighted mini-bike, and insufficient standards required by the residents of the airstrip concerning use of the taxiways at night.NTSB CHI95LA340Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-25-235B · Highland, ILa communication misunderstanding between the tow pilot and the glider pilot. Factors related to the accident were: the tow rope becoming entangled, excessive taxispeed by the tow pilot, and the unavailability of a dispatcher.NTSB CHI95LA127Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper J3C · Poplar Grove, ILThe student pilot's excessive throttle control and the certified flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the student. A factor in the accident was the gusty wind conditions.