NTSB investigations, FL
3,027 cases where the phase of flight was Landing.
Cases per year
| 1962 | 4 |
|---|---|
| 1963 | 3 |
| 1964 | 77 |
| 1965 | 113 |
| 1966 | 94 |
| 1967 | 121 |
| 1968 | 83 |
| 1969 | 72 |
| 1970 | 66 |
| 1971 | 72 |
| 1972 | 93 |
| 1973 | 90 |
| 1974 | 81 |
| 1975 | 59 |
| 1976 | 62 |
| 1977 | 72 |
| 1978 | 79 |
| 1979 | 68 |
| 1980 | 67 |
| 1981 | 48 |
| 1982 | 55 |
| 1983 | 44 |
| 1984 | 53 |
| 1985 | 45 |
| 1986 | 62 |
| 1987 | 59 |
| 1988 | 48 |
| 1989 | 52 |
| 1990 | 28 |
| 1991 | 26 |
| 1992 | 27 |
| 1993 | 30 |
| 1994 | 41 |
| 1995 | 28 |
| 1996 | 27 |
| 1997 | 29 |
| 1998 | 45 |
| 1999 | 31 |
| 2000 | 33 |
| 2001 | 35 |
| 2002 | 32 |
| 2003 | 28 |
| 2004 | 36 |
| 2005 | 50 |
| 2006 | 50 |
| 2007 | 48 |
| 2008 | 40 |
| 2009 | 25 |
| 2010 | 25 |
| 2011 | 33 |
| 2012 | 22 |
| 2013 | 22 |
| 2014 | 43 |
| 2015 | 33 |
| 2016 | 26 |
| 2017 | 34 |
| 2018 | 42 |
| 2019 | 34 |
| 2020 | 29 |
| 2021 | 29 |
| 2022 | 21 |
| 2023 | 21 |
| 2024 | 28 |
| 2025 | 29 |
| 2026 | 25 |
Where
Latest cases
Query with SQL
duckdb -csv -c "WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e.\"tier1Number\" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e.\"isDefiningEvent\", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e.\"tier1Number\" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e.\"isDefiningEvent\" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT \"mKey\" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE \"isPre1982\"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o.\"occurrenceNumber\" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c.\"eventDate\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c.\"mKey\" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c.\"eventDate\" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c.\"ntsbNumber\", c.\"eventDate\", c.\"eventType\", c.\"eventCity\", c.\"eventStateOrRegion\", a.n_number, a.\"aircraftMake\", a.\"aircraftModel\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\", c.\"totalFatal\", c.\"completionStatus\", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c.\"mKey\" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c.\"eventStateOrRegion\" = 'FL' AND c.\"eventCountry\" = 'USA'
AND c.\"mKey\" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c.\"eventDate\" DESC, c.\"ntsbNumber\" DESC"Prints the whole list as CSV. It reads the release’s Parquet files over HTTPS, so there’s nothing to download first. Install DuckDB to run it.
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventStateOrRegion" = 'FL' AND c."eventCountry" = 'USA'
AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESCRun it at the DuckDB prompt, or in any tool that reads Parquet over HTTPS. More ways to query the release are on Use the data.
NTSB ERA27LA014Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedInvestigation openTextron 172S · Jacksonville, FLNTSB ERA27LA020AccidentLimited investigationInvestigation openCessna 162 · Fort Lauderdale, FLNTSB ERA27LA003Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedInvestigation openHawker Siddeley HS.125 Series 700A · Fort Lauderdale, FLNTSB ERA26LA351Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedInvestigation openCessna 182S · St. Petersburg, FLNTSB DCA26MA352Accident · 5 fatalClass 1 · MajorPreliminary reportBoeing 767 · Miami, FLOn September 6, 2026, about 1353 eastern daylight time (EDT), 21 Air flight 7598, a Boeing 767-33A, N1997A, overran runway 30 after landing at Miami International Airport (MIA), Miami, Florida and subsequently impacted two ground passenger vehicles. The two…NTSB ERA26LA330Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportDiamond Aircraft Ind DA 40 NG · Leesburg, FLThe instructor’s delayed remedial action during an aborted landing, which resulted in a loss of airplane control.NTSB ERA26LA299Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCessna 172 · Lakeland, FLAn in-flight collision with a bird while on approach.NTSB ERA26LA267Accident · Minor injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportStits Playmate · Green Cove Springs, FLThe pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.NTSB ERA26LA238Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCostruzioni Aeronautiche Tecna P-MENTOR · Pompano Beach, FLThe student pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing, and the flight instructor’s delayed remedial action.NTSB ERA26LA318Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCessna 140 · Homestead, FLThe pilot’s excessive braking during the landing roll, which resulted in a nose over.NTSB ERA26LA235Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportPiper PA-24-250 · Bartow, FLThe pilot’s failure to extend the landing gear before landing.NTSB ERA26LA206Accident · No injuriesClass 3 · LimitedPreliminary reportCessna 750 · Fort Myers, FLOn May 9, 2026, at 1014 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 750 airplane, N119RM, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Fort Myers, Florida. The captain and first officer were not injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code…NTSB ERA26LA189Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportPiper PA-34-220T · Kissimmee, FLFracture of the left main landing gear trunnion during landing, which resulted in a loss of directional control during landing and subsequent runway excursion.NTSB ERA26LA184Accident · Minor injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportMaule M-7-260C · Tampa, FLThe pilot’s failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the aborted landing, which resulted in a runway excursion, collision with a runway sign, and nose over.NTSB ERA26LA182Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportDonald E Johnston Velocity XL-RG · Crestview, FLThe pilot’s failure to extend the landing gear before landing.NTSB ERA26LA340Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedInvestigation openJames P Donovan Sportsman GS-2 · Winter Haven, FLNTSB ERA26LA203Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCessna 182Q · Lutz, FLThe student pilot’s improper landing flare and the flight instructor’s inadequate remedial action, which resulted in a hard landing.NTSB ERA26LA146Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportSchroder David Lancair IV-P · Feather Sound, FLThe pilot's failure to extend the landing gear before landing.NTSB ERA26LA139Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportPiper PA-28R-200 · St. Augustine, FLThe pilot's failure to extend the landing gear before landing.NTSB ERA26FA115Accident · 1 fatalClass 3 · FieldPreliminary reportCessna A185 · Everglades City, FLOn February 15, 2026, about 1155 eastern standard time, a Cessna A185F, N7574N, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Everglades City, Florida. The pilot was seriously injured, and the passenger was fatally injured. The airplane…NTSB ERA26LA112Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportBeech B19 · Umatilla, FLThe failure of the right main landing gear during the landing roll, which resulted in a loss of control on the ground and collision with an airport sign.NTSB ERA26LA126Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCessna 172RG · Pembroke Pines, FLThe pilot's failure to extend the landing gear before landing.NTSB ERA26LA100Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportBell 47G-3B · Floral City, FLThe student pilot’s loss of helicopter control during landing.NTSB ERA26LA090Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportDevesh Tiwary Lightning XS · New Port Richey, FLThe pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during landing, which resulted in a runway excursion and collision with terrain.NTSB ERA26LA087Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCessna 414A · Tampa, FLThe pilot’s failure to secure a bottle, which restricted movement of the right rudder pedal during landing.NTSB ERA26LA075Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportAviat A-1C-200 · Hawthorne, FLThe pilot’s failure to maintain an appropriate descent rate for a glassy water landing, which resulted in a hard landing.NTSB ERA26LA089Accident · No injuriesClass 3 · LimitedPreliminary reportAlon A-2A · Winter Haven, FLOn December 19, 2025, about 0918 EST, an Alon A-2A, N818SW, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident at Winter Haven Regional Airport (GIF), Winter Haven, Florida. The commercial pilot was not injured. The airplane was operated as a Title…NTSB ERA26LA074Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportPiper PA-28-181 · Fort Lauderdale, FLThe student pilot’s improper landing flare and the flight instructor’s inadequate remedial action, which resulted in a hard landing and subsequent nose landing gear collapse.NTSB ERA26LA060Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCub Crafters Carbon Cub FX2 · Okeechobee, FLThe pilot’s failure to maintain directional control while landing in a crosswind.NTSB ERA26LA053Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportPiper PA-23-250 · Clewiston, FLThe pilot’s failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll.NTSB ERA26LA045Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportBeech 95 · Edgewater, FLThe pilot’s failure to extend the landing gear prior to landing.NTSB CEN26FA005Accident · 3 fatalClass 3 · FieldPreliminary reportBeech 58P · Williston, FLOn October 5, 2025, at 1610 eastern daylight time, a Beech 58P airplane, N121GJ, was destroyed when it was involved in an accident near Williston, Florida. The pilot and two passengers were fatally injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of…NTSB ERA26LA002Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportMaule M-7-260 · Parkland, FLThe pilot’s failure to retract the amphibious airplane’s landing gear before conducting a forced landing on the water, which resulted in a nose over.NTSB ERA25LA364Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportPiper PA22 · Merritt Island, FLThe pilot’s failure to maintain directional control while landing in a crosswind.NTSB ERA25LA335Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportLafferty Jack SEA REY · Bell, FLThe pilot’s failure to raise the landing gear before landing on the water.NTSB ERA25LA323Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCessna 172 · Spring Hill, FLThe pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing and substantial damage to the airplane’s fuselage.NTSB ERA25LA343Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportBeech 95-B55 (T42A) · St. Petersburg, FLThe pilot’s failure to extend the landing gear prior to landing. Contributing to the accident was a malfunction of the landing gear’s electrical retraction/extension system, which tripped the circuit breaker.NTSB ERA25LA314Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportPiper PA32R · Miami, FLAn inflight loss of hydraulic fluid from the landing gear system through a cracked fitting, which resulted in a landing gear collapse upon touchdown.NTSB ERA25LA319Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportWaco UBF · Tampa, FLThe pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during landing roll, which resulted in a runway excursion and collision with an object.NTSB ERA25LA263Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportPiper PA34 · Fort Lauderdale, FLThe flight instructor’s inadequate supervision and delayed remedial actions during the landing approach, which resulted in the airplane contacting the runway with the landing gear retracted.NTSB ERA25LA234Accident · Minor injuriesClass 3 · LimitedPreliminary reportSteven Scott Grasley RV-7A · Interlachen, FLOn June 13, 2025, about 15:31 eastern daylight time, an experimental, amateur built RV-7A, N783RV, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Interlachen, Florida. The commercial pilot received minor injuries. The airplane was operated…NTSB ERA25LA232Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportScoda Aeronautica Ltda Super Petrel XP · Geneva, FLThe airplane’s collision with a submerged object during landing, which resulted in substantial damage to the fuselage/hull.NTSB ERA25LA197Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportArlie L Raber III Challenger 1 · Crestview, FLThe pilot’s decision to take off despite having problems controlling the airplane due to his physical stature.NTSB ERA25LA180Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportLuscombe 8F · Punta Gorda, FLThe pilot’s failure to maintain direction control of the airplane during the landing roll.NTSB ERA25LA168Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportPiper PA-34-200 · Vero Beach, FLSeparation of the lower nose landing gear down lock link bolt, which resulted in a collapse of the nose landing gear during landing.NTSB ERA25LA166Accident · Minor injuriesClass 3 · LimitedPreliminary reportCessna 182 · Sanford, FLOn April 3, 2025, about 1222 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 182P, N1910M, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Sanford, Florida. The commercial pilot received minor injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of…NTSB ERA25LA192Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportBoeing A75N1(PT17) · Fort Myers, FLThe pilot’s failure to maintain directional control of the airplane while landing in gusting crosswind conditions, which resulted in the left wing impacting the runway.NTSB ERA25LA148Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCessna 172 · Brooksville, FLThe pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing and substantial damage to the airplane’s fuselage.NTSB ERA25LA208Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportWagoner Richard Searey · Zellwood, FLThe pilot’s inadequate compensation for gusting wind conditions, which resulted in a hard landing.NTSB ERA25LA140Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal reportCessna 120 · Arcadia, FLThe pilot’s failure to maintain directional control while landing.