NTSB investigations

35,885 cases where the phase of flight was Enroute.

Cases, newest first

Query with SQL
duckdb -csv -c "WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
    crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
    current_codes AS (
      SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e.\"tier1Number\" AS INTEGER) AS code,
        row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e.\"isDefiningEvent\", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
      FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
      WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e.\"tier1Number\" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
        AND (e.\"isDefiningEvent\" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT \"mKey\" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE \"isPre1982\"))
    ),
    phases AS (
      SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
      FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
      UNION ALL
      SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\", w.main
      FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\"
      WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o.\"occurrenceNumber\" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
    ),
    case_phases AS (
      SELECT p.*, c.\"eventDate\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
      FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c.\"mKey\" = p.case_mkey
      LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
      WHERE c.\"eventDate\" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
    )
  SELECT c.\"ntsbNumber\", c.\"eventDate\", c.\"eventType\", c.\"eventCity\", c.\"eventStateOrRegion\", a.n_number, a.\"aircraftMake\", a.\"aircraftModel\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\", c.\"totalFatal\", c.\"completionStatus\", c.report_url
  FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c.\"mKey\" AND a.position = 1
  WHERE c.\"mKey\" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 400)
  ORDER BY c.\"eventDate\" DESC, c.\"ntsbNumber\" DESC"

Prints the whole list as CSV. It reads the release’s Parquet files over HTTPS, so there’s nothing to download first. Install DuckDB to run it.

NTSB CHI86LA214Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-12 · Menominee Falls, WIThe plt stated that the eng had quit 3 times in the past 2 weeks. The purpose of the flt was to insure that the eng was working properly. During takeoff, it lost power at about 100 ft AGL. The plt tried to turn & land on the sw part of the arpt. However, a…Aug 30, 1986 · N3736M · Substantial damageNTSB CHI86FER17Accident · Serious injuriesFinal reportEugene Boos VARI-EZE · Rice Lake, WIDuring cruise flight the engine of this homebuilt aircraft began running rough. The pilot turned toward an airfield approximately 15 miles away, but was forced to perform a forced landing about 5 miles short of this field because, following a loud metallic…Aug 30, 1986 · N41EB · DestroyedNTSB ATL86LA233Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBeech C35 · Akron, OHThe plt stated that one to two minutes after the fuel selector was changed from the right to left tank, the eng quit. The aux pump was turned on and fuel selector changed back to the right tank. Then to aux tank then back to left tank. The engine would not…Aug 30, 1986 · N5891C · Substantial damageNTSB SEA86LA228Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 152 · Lummi Island, WAThe plt stated he remembers passing arlington, WA, at an alt of aprx 2,000 ft MSL but, remembers nothing else until the acft collided with trees. The plt believes that he fell asleep during the flt.Aug 29, 1986 · GYWR · DestroyedNTSB CHI86FA215Accident · No injuriesField investigationFinal reportCessna 172P · Grayslake, ILDrg cruise flt, there was a loss of eng power (decreasing to 1900 RPM). The plt initiated a precautionary landing on rwy 27, but overran the intended landing area. The acft contd beyond the end of the rwy & subsequently flipped over in a corn field, west of…Aug 29, 1986 · N53700 · Substantial damageNTSB ATL86LA232Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150H · Rome, GAThe plt said he took off with about 6 gallons of automotive gas in the acft for the 14 NM trip to a local arpt. During descent for landing, the eng quit and a forced landing was made in a corn field. Post accident exam of the acft failed to reveal any fuel in…Aug 29, 1986 · N22144 · Substantial damageNTSB MIA86LA244Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-R · Cedar Key, FLThe plt stated that he lost fuel pressure and all attempts to restart the acft were to no avail. He tried to make it to Cedar Key but was unable and ditched in the ocean waters 6 miles northwest of Cedar Key. Post crash examination of the fuel system revealed…Aug 27, 1986 · N4524J · Substantial damageNTSB SEA86FA225Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportCessna 340A · Mesquite, NVWhile en route, the plt was cleared to deviate 20 deg left of course to avoid thunderstorm (tstm) activity that ARTCC radar showed was rgt of course. The plt rprtd turbc, but demurred descending to a lower alt despite a PIREP of clear wx below. He then rprtd…Aug 26, 1986 · N340MV · DestroyedNTSB MKC86LA175Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-32-260 · Wilson, KSThe pilot stated that before the flight the spark plugs were cleaned and inspected and the engine was serviced with eleven quarts of oil. Three hours into the flight instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) with rain was encountered and shortly thereafter…Aug 26, 1986 · N3442W · Substantial damageNTSB LAX86LA331Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna P210N · Salton City, CAA total loss of power was experienced during a descent from 17,500' MSL to 10,000' MSL. Attempts to restart the engine failed and the acft was landed gear-up in a rocky field. Post accident inspection disclosed a track of internal electrical arcing in the…Aug 26, 1986 · N5135A · Substantial damageNTSB ATL86LA226Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150L · Campobello, SCWhile on her 2nd solo x-country flt, the student plt became lost/disoriented after the comm/nav radios developed a problem. Subsequently, she made a precautionary landing in an open field. During the landing roll, the acft hit a ditch & nosed over.Aug 26, 1986 · N11154 · Substantial damageNTSB SEA86LA234Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182 · Ashwood, ORA loss of power occurred for unknown reason. During landing roll the aircraft's right main gear struck a rock causing part of the gear box to be torn from the aircraft.Aug 25, 1986 · N9051T · Substantial damageNTSB MIA86LA242Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-140 · Fort Pierce, FLWhile in cruise flt the acft's eng failed and the acft was ditched in a river. Post crash eng exam revealed the no. 1 and no. 2 connecting rods separated from the crankshaft when both bolts failed on the no. 1 rod and 1 bolt failed on the no. 2 rod.…Aug 25, 1986 · N6460W · Substantial damageNTSB LAX86LA343Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-32-300 · Riverside, CAWhile en route to hawthorne airport the aircraft experienced a total loss of power. During a circling descent the pilot attempted to restart the engine without success. The aircraft collided with the terrain 500 ft short of rwy 27 at Riverside airport. The…Aug 25, 1986 · N4083R · Substantial damageNTSB SEA86LA219Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBrennan Glasair · Mount Vernon, WAThe pilot arrived at the airport about one hour before fuel was available. He assumed that he had enough fuel remaining on board for the next leg of the flight because the duration would be about 10 minutes. About 5 minutes into the flight the aircraft's…Aug 24, 1986 · N85KB · Substantial damageNTSB FTW86FPA26Accident · No injuriesFinal reportErickson S-1 · Garland, TXThe internal lining in the fuel tank flop tube (fuel pickup tube for inverted flight) deteriorated and blocked the full screen. The eng quit due to fuel starvation. The acft struck a short pole for an underground utility line during the forced landingAug 24, 1986 · N22JE · Substantial damageNTSB DEN86LA237Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-38 · Santa Fe, NMWhile flying through a mountain pass at an alt of 1,000 ft AGL, the plt encountered downdraft wind currents. The acft entered an uncontrollable descent and impacted in an alpine meadow.Aug 24, 1986 · N24151 · DestroyedNTSB MIA86FA239Accident · Serious injuriesField investigationFinal reportPiper J3C-65 · Vero Beach, FLFlight experienced loss of engine power while climbing through 200 feet shortly after takeoff. While attempting to return to the runway the aircraft collided with trees and the ground coming to rest adjacent to the runway. Examination of aircraft records…Aug 23, 1986 · N23266 · Substantial damageNTSB NYC86FA214Accident · 3 fatalField investigationFinal reportPiper PA-24-260 · Ft. Dix, NJThe acft was headed sw on victor sixteen inbound to coyle VOR when the plt reported the loss of gyro instruments. The acft was at 6000 ft and in 'solid IFR weather.' The plt elected not to declare emergency and land when asked if he wanted to do so by ATC.…Aug 22, 1986 · N8734P · DestroyedNTSB ATL86FA223Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportBellanca 17-30 · West Green, GAThe plt took off at 1259 EDT, & at 1318, he reported level at 10,000'. There was no further comm with the acft. At about 1342, radar contact was lost. Subsequently, the acft wreckage was fnd scattered over a 425 yd area, along a sw azmith, aprx 1/2 mi from…Aug 21, 1986 · N6655V · DestroyedNTSB SEA86LA201Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 210F · Lages, NVThe plt was unable to divert around numerous thunderstorms along in his flight path. Subsequently, he made a precautionary landing on a soft, dry lake bed were the aircraft nosed over.Aug 20, 1986 · N1873F · Substantial damageNTSB LAX86FA326Accident · Serious injuriesField investigationFinal reportCessna 182N · Wilmington, CADuring a local night instructional flt the plts reported that the eng began to run very rough and eventually quit when power was reduced slightly to begin the descent for the destination arpt. The acft struck power lines, two small buildings and a brick wall…Aug 20, 1986 · N92252 · DestroyedNTSB FTW86LA152Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportHughes 369-500D · Fort Stockton, TXThe helicopter pilot entered autorotation after experiencing fuel exhaustion. The pilot knew he was low on fuel, but was depending on his warning light to indicate low fuel. The warning light never came on. On touchdown the tail rotor struck the ground…Aug 20, 1986 · N4493M · Substantial damageNTSB ANC86FA130Accident · 3 fatalField investigationFinal reportCessna 177RG · Hinchinbrook Is, AKAt 1323 adt, the plt rprtd near Hinchinbrook island & requested clearance for an ndb-a apch to the cordova mile 13 arpt. About 3 min later, cordova fss provided clearance for the apch 'from over Hinchinbrook.' Radar data showed that the acft flew to the…Aug 19, 1986 · N52137 · Substantial damageNTSB SEA86LA212Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportMooney M-20-J · Aurora, ORAt about 9,000 feet MSL the pilot smelled smoke and electrical fumes. He then turned off the master switch and returned to land. He manually lowered the landing gear but it folded upon landing roll. Investigation revealed no mechanical reason for the gear to…Aug 18, 1986 · N201PJ · DestroyedNTSB MIA86LA238Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportChampion 7KCAB · Merritt Island, FLThe plt stated that while he was towing a banner the engine lost fuel pressure and the RPM began to deteriorate. He dropped his banner and tried to make it back to the airport but couldn't and landed short of runway 29 in the water. Post crash examination of…Aug 17, 1986 · N1638G · Substantial damageNTSB NYC86FA213Accident · 2 fatalField investigationFinal reportPiper PA-46-310P · West Mifflin, PAAt 2232 EDT, the acft was climbing to 15000 feet when the pilot reported a low oil pressure light. ATC advised jimmy stewart field is about eleven thirty and 15 miles. After the pilot asked, 'is that a tower field?', ATC advised he did not know, westmoreland…Aug 16, 1986 · N27EE · DestroyedNTSB BFO86FIA02Accident · Serious injuriesFinal reportPiper PA 28-161 · Stanley, VAThe acft collided with trees and the ground during a x-country flt over mountainous terrain. The plt had crossed the 1st ridge at aprx 800 ft AGL according to the plt. The front seat passenger said later that he complained several times during the flt that…Aug 16, 1986 · N36489 · DestroyedNTSB ATL86FEI09Accident · No injuriesFinal reportCessna 182 · Glen Willow, OHThe acft was damaged during collision with scrub pine trees during a forced lndg on a road after the eng quit in flt. The plt said he was cruising at 3500 ft when the eng began to sputter. The plt stated that he changed the fuel tank selector from left to…Aug 15, 1986 · N52494 · DestroyedNTSB MIA86LA235Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-23-250 · Ft.Lauderdale, FLFlt experienced loss of power in the left engine shortly after takeoff due to corrosion blocking the main jet in the fuel control unit. The pilot feathered the engine and returned for a landing. While on short final he remembered he would have to manually…Aug 14, 1986 · N36LS · Substantial damageNTSB FTW86LA148Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna P210N · Altus, OKThe engine failed at 10,500 feet MSL and the pilot was vectored to a small private sod strip. However, this strip had been closed and plowed up for about a year and was not listed on the current aeronautical charts. The pilot was then revectored to another…Aug 13, 1986 · N731RR · DestroyedNTSB LAX86FVM06Accident · No injuriesFinal reportHiller UH21E · Salinas, CAThe plt experienced a 'ratcheting' to the right and a decrease in rotor RPM during cruise flt at 75-100 ft AGL. The plt made an autorotation but could not cushion the landing due to the low alt and lack of rotor RPM. The helicopter impacted hard and…Aug 12, 1986 · N169HA · Substantial damageNTSB LAX86FUJ05Accident · No injuriesFinal reportAir Tractor AT301 · Gilbert, AZDuring the 'last pull-up' from an aerial application, flt the pilot noticed a low fuel pressure light indication. While returning to the airport the engine quit. The pilot utilized the hand operated wobble pump to restart the engine. The engine restarted then…Aug 12, 1986 · N4410S · Substantial damageNTSB MKC86FCJ04Accident · Minor injuriesFinal reportAmateur Built Quickie Q2 · Grand Island, NEThe acft engine developed severe roughness during cruise and the plt decided to make an emergency landing. During approach, the engine quit and the plt attempted a tight turn to the runway. During the turn, the aircraft hit the asphalt ramp in a left wing…Aug 11, 1986 · N39202 · DestroyedNTSB FTW86LQG16Accident · No injuriesFinal reportPiper PA-36-375 · Plainview, TXThe pilot stated that he ran out of fuel as he was returning from an agricultural application flight. While landing in cotton rows, the gear collapsed and the aircraft was substantially damaged.Aug 11, 1986 · N2370X · Substantial damageNTSB ATL86FA218Accident · No injuriesField investigationFinal reportHughes 269C · Laurens, SCThe plt was flying an underground cable patrol at 500-600 ft AGL when the accident occurred. The plt reported pwr was set at 20' hg, 3,000 RPM when a 'very loud pop' was heard. The plt likened the sound to being hit by ground fire. The acft yawed and the eng…Aug 11, 1986 · N7442F · DestroyedNTSB SEA86FA188Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportGrumman AA-5 · Cleveland, WAThe low time pilot departed with two relatives aboard for a local flight. The aircraft was observed flying low over omak lake and then commencing a climbing left turn toward higher terrain. During the climbout, the pilot perceived a loss of engine performance…Aug 10, 1986 · N5481L · DestroyedNTSB LAX86LA319Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-140 · Rancho Mirage, CAThe aircraft's engine lost power about thirty minutes after take-off and a forced landing was attempted. During the investigation the engine was started and run. It ran rough and would develop only partial power. The carburator was disassembled and a piece of…Aug 10, 1986 · N56189 · Substantial damageNTSB LAX86FA320Accident · No injuriesField investigationFinal reportBellanca 7GCBC · Van Nuys, CATwo plts, 1 flying Bellanca 7GCBC, N50443, the other flying champion 7KCAB, N443E, took their girl friends on a flt which included formation flying. The champion plt rprtd he flew formation with the Bellanca with aprx a 20' spread. Rprtdly, about half way…Aug 9, 1986 · N50443 · 2 aircraft · Substantial damageNTSB FTW86LA146Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-R-180 · Houston, TXPrivate pilot of a Piper PA-28R-180 departed runway 15 at west Houston airport (iws), Houston, Texas. Pilot stated he had departed runway 15 when engine quit at approximately 600 feet AGL. Pilot executed a forced landing approximately 2 miles off the…Aug 9, 1986 · N3930T · Substantial damageNTSB FTW86LA132Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBoeing 727-200 · Dfw Airport, TXThe aircraft was in smooth air and in straight and level flight. The 'fasten seat belt' sign was illuminated. A male passenger went to the forward lavatory and fell, injuring his head and back. The floor was dry and there was no loose or torn carpet ot other…Aug 9, 1986 · XAMXG · No damageNTSB ATL86LA219Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-140 · Tiffin, OHAbout four minutes after take-off the engine lost power and the pilot attempted a forced landing in a corn field. Examination of the aircraft showed water and other contamination in the fuel system.Aug 9, 1986 · N8470R · Substantial damageNTSB NYC86FA201Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportAero Commander 680FL · Duxsbury, VTThe plt was on a VFR flight from montpelier, VT to burlington, VT; a distance of about 80 mis. A mountain range is between the two location. Shortly after takeoff the plt radioed burlington approach control and requested an IFR clearance to land at…Aug 8, 1986 · N6341U · DestroyedNTSB MIA86LA230Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportMooney M20E · Arcadia, FLDuring cruise, the plt attempted to switch fuel tanks and the fuel selector valve became stuck in the 'off' position. A successful gear-up forced ldg was made in a field. An exam of the valve confirmed that it was stuck due to corrosion and rust, the…Aug 8, 1986 · N1996Y · Substantial damageNTSB FTW86LA144Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna A185F · Slidell, LAThe eng lost power during flt, & subsequently, the plt made a forced landing in a wooded area about 4 mi from the destn arpt. During an investigation, insufficient fuel was found remaining in the tanks & lines to permit continued eng operation. The eng…Aug 8, 1986 · N92BT · Substantial damageNTSB MKC86LA167Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAero Commander 500-B · Emporia, KSThe pilot stated that he was cruising at 6,000 feet in IMC with light to moderate rain and turbulence when he heard a bang followed by the left engine losing power. The engine was shut down, the propeller feathered and ATC was notified. ATC cleared, and the…Aug 7, 1986 · N184KC · Substantial damageNTSB DEN86LA222Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBoeing E75 · Tooele, UTThe plt rprtd that he encountered a downdraft while crossing a ridgeline in mountainous terrain, aprx 5 mi NE of Tooele,UT. The elev of the acdnt site was about 9,000 ft & the temp was rprtd by the plt to be 80 deg. This would have resultedin a density alt of…Aug 7, 1986 · N1387V · Substantial damageNTSB DEN86LA221Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-24-250 · Albuquerque, NMThe plt rprtd the acft was refueled to capacity at longmont, CO. Full capacity should have provided at least 3.6 hrs of flying time at normal consumption. After refueling, the acft was flown 1.3 hrs to fowler, CO, where it remained parked for a week. The plt…Aug 7, 1986 · N7681P · Substantial damageNTSB LAX86FA314Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportCessna 421C · Callahan, CAAfter dropping company executives off at medford, the pilot was to return to santa rosa empty. Witnesses along the 25 NM valley which ends at the accident site reported that the aircraft buzzed their locations at AGL altitudes variously described as '10 feet'…Aug 6, 1986 · N98998 · DestroyedNTSB CHI86FA200Accident · 4 fatalField investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-235 · Shelby, INThe non-instrument rated pilot initiated the VFR flight from wheeling, IL, to madison, IN, IN marginal weather conditions. The wreckage was found on the afternoon of the following day about 26 miles south of gary, IN. The aircraft sustained an in-flight…Aug 6, 1986 · N4383X · Destroyed