NTSB investigations, 2002
516 cases where the phase of flight was Landing.
Cases per year
| 1962 | 22 |
|---|---|
| 1963 | 19 |
| 1964 | 2,152 |
| 1965 | 2,293 |
| 1966 | 2,496 |
| 1967 | 2,731 |
| 1968 | 1,964 |
| 1969 | 1,749 |
| 1970 | 1,680 |
| 1971 | 1,626 |
| 1972 | 1,480 |
| 1973 | 1,368 |
| 1974 | 1,387 |
| 1975 | 1,285 |
| 1976 | 1,307 |
| 1977 | 1,222 |
| 1978 | 1,325 |
| 1979 | 1,135 |
| 1980 | 1,123 |
| 1981 | 1,048 |
| 1982 | 939 |
| 1983 | 885 |
| 1984 | 853 |
| 1985 | 739 |
| 1986 | 661 |
| 1987 | 699 |
| 1988 | 605 |
| 1989 | 584 |
| 1990 | 556 |
| 1991 | 503 |
| 1992 | 534 |
| 1993 | 524 |
| 1994 | 516 |
| 1995 | 481 |
| 1996 | 529 |
| 1997 | 508 |
| 1998 | 545 |
| 1999 | 563 |
| 2000 | 517 |
| 2001 | 497 |
| 2002 | 516 |
| 2003 | 515 |
| 2004 | 522 |
| 2005 | 543 |
| 2006 | 470 |
| 2007 | 536 |
| 2008 | 538 |
| 2009 | 474 |
| 2010 | 512 |
| 2011 | 519 |
| 2012 | 500 |
| 2013 | 420 |
| 2014 | 412 |
| 2015 | 422 |
| 2016 | 527 |
| 2017 | 490 |
| 2018 | 518 |
| 2019 | 463 |
| 2020 | 420 |
| 2021 | 455 |
| 2022 | 494 |
| 2023 | 477 |
| 2024 | 477 |
| 2025 | 451 |
| 2026 | 371 |
Where
Latest cases
Query with SQL
duckdb -csv -c "WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e.\"tier1Number\" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e.\"isDefiningEvent\", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e.\"tier1Number\" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e.\"isDefiningEvent\" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT \"mKey\" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE \"isPre1982\"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o.\"occurrenceNumber\" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c.\"eventDate\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c.\"mKey\" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c.\"eventDate\" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c.\"ntsbNumber\", c.\"eventDate\", c.\"eventType\", c.\"eventCity\", c.\"eventStateOrRegion\", a.n_number, a.\"aircraftMake\", a.\"aircraftModel\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\", c.\"totalFatal\", c.\"completionStatus\", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c.\"mKey\" AND a.position = 1
WHERE year(c.\"eventDate\") = 2002
AND c.\"mKey\" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c.\"eventDate\" DESC, c.\"ntsbNumber\" DESC"Prints the whole list as CSV. It reads the release’s Parquet files over HTTPS, so there’s nothing to download first. Install DuckDB to run it.
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE year(c."eventDate") = 2002
AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESCRun it at the DuckDB prompt, or in any tool that reads Parquet over HTTPS. More ways to query the release are on Use the data.
NTSB NYC03LA047Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-18A 150 · Blairstown, NJThe pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll.NTSB LAX03LA055Accident · 1 fatalLimited investigationFinal reportLipscomb Lancair 235 · Payson, AZthe pilot's failure to maintain an adequate airspeed during an aborted landing that resulted in an inadvertent stall/spin. A contributing factor in the accident was the pilot's lack of familiarity with the airplane.NTSB DEN03LA029Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBeech F33A · Durango, COthe pilot's failure to extend the landing gear. A contributing factor is the pilot's failure to follow the checklist.NTSB NYC03LA032Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172S · Akron, OHThe pilot's improper flare which resulted in a hard landing.NTSB CHI03LA075Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172S · Tea, SDThe student pilot's improper flare. The pilot's lack of experience and diverted attention were factors.NTSB FTW03LA074Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 170A · West Helena, ARThe pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. A contributing factor was the deflated tire.NTSB LAX03LA053Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172N · Pacoima, CAthe student pilot's excessive use of the elevator control that resulted in an inadvertent lift-off and his failure to maintain/attain adequate airspeed, which resulted in a stall and hard landing.NTSB FTW03LA062Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 195 · Wink, TXThe separation of the main landing gear axle bolt from the landing gear assembly.NTSB ANC03LA019Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportSwearingen SA-226T · Soldotna, AKThe flightcrew's selection of an unsuitable landing area, which resulted in a loss of directional control and an on ground encounter with terrain. A factor associated with the accident was a snow-covered, unplowed runway.NTSB SEA03LA018Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportHawker Siddeley DH-125 · Seattle, WAThe landing gear down and locked was not verified prior to landing. The checklist was not followed, and an inoperative landing gear warning horn were factors.NTSB MIA03CA030Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportCessna A150M · Crystal River, FLThe student pilot's improper application of brakes during the landing rollout, which resulted in a loss of directional control and the airplane running off of the runway, impacting a runway light structure, and nosing over.NTSB LAX03LA050Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAnderson Rotorway Exec 162F · Phoenix, AZThe separation of the exhaust valve stem in the number 1 cylinder, which resulted in a partial loss of engine power during the landing flare and a hard landing.NTSB FTW03LA063Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-24-180 · Odessa, TXThe pilot's inadvertent failure to extended the landing gear.NTSB NYC03LA029Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportRobinson R-22 · Suffolk, VAThe pilot's inadequate visual lookout while landing, which resulted in a collision with an embankment.NTSB LAX03TA048Accident · No injuriesFinal reportCessna T210L · Agua Caliente, CAThe failure of the right main landing gear actuator during the landing roll, which resulted in a collapse of the right main land gear, and loss of directional control.NTSB MIA03CA026Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal reportPiper PA38 · Pensacola, FLThe student pilot's attempt to turn off the runway at an excessive taxi speed resulting in a loss of directional control and collision with a taxiway sign.NTSB ATL03LA024Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172N · Cartersville, GAThe student pilot's failure to maintain directional control, during the landing roll resulted in the on ground collision with a ravine.NTSB IAD03LA021Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 210M · Cincinnati, OHRupture of the left side, landing gear down hydraulic line due to repeated contact with the aileron cable, which resulted in a loss of hydraulic pressure, a partial extension of the main landing gear, and the inability to utilize the landing gear hand pump.NTSB CHI03LA035Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172N · Holland, MIThe student pilot failed to maintain directional control during landing roll. Additional factors include the student pilot's lack of total flight experience, the CFI's inadequate supervision, and the ice and snow on the runway.NTSB SEA03LA022Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-46-350P · Pasco, WAIcing conditions and the pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed during the landing. An inadvertent stall was a factor.NTSB CHI03LA032Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-34-200 · Jeffersonville, INThe mechanical binding of the left main landing gear, which resulted in the left main landing gear not fully extending to the down-and-locked position. Factors to the accident were the oleo-strut linkage being corroded and the contamination of the gear…NTSB ANC03LA017Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-18-150 · Chenega Bay, AKThe pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing and his failure to maintain obstacle clearance which resulted in the airplane colliding with a tree and a berm.NTSB MIA03LA022Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportLet L-23 · Groveland, FLthe pilot's failure to extend the dive brakes during approach and his excessive airspeed and improper landing flare which resulted in the airplane nosing down and impacting with the runway.NTSB LAX03LA042Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 170B · Mobile, AZthe pilot's improper compensation for the crosswind conditions at touchdown and failure to maintain proper alignment of the tail wheel equipped airplane during landing, which resulted in a ground loop. The crosswind was a contributory factor.NTSB LAX03LA039Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172N · Hollister, CAthe pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane.NTSB CHI03LA030Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-22-150 · Cuba, MOThe pilots inadequate flare and recovery from a bounced landing. Contributing factors to this accident were the crosswind and the ditch.NTSB DEN03LA022Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportMaule M-4-210 · Creede, COthe pilot's inadequate compensation for wind. Contributing factors are the crosswind and the pilot's lack of experience.NTSB ATL03LA021Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna T210M · Lakeland, FLThe collapse of the main landing gear for undetermined reasons.NTSB DEN03LA018Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportEnstrom F-28C · Morrison, COthe pilot not maintaining clearance from the telephone lines during landing. Factors contributing to the accident were the pilot not being able to see the telephone lines, the low altitude, and the dark night.NTSB CHI03LA024Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-22-108 · Coffeyville, KSThe pilot not maintaining aircraft control during the maneuver to avoid an unconfirmed object on the side of the runway.NTSB ATL03LA018Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportHickman Murphy Rebel · Hilton Head, SCThe pilot's failure to maintain directional control during an aborted landing that resulted in the in-flight collision with a ditch.NTSB SEA03LA012Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBell 212 · Longview, WAThe pilot's failure to maintain clearance from trees while landing. A contributing factor was trees.NTSB FTW03LA058Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportRamsay Lancair IV-P · Bulverde, TXThe pilot's misjudgment of speed and distance.NTSB DEN03LA017Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28R-201 · Tooele, UTthe inadvertent retraction of the landing gear during landing roll by the dual student. Contributing factors included the dual student's lack of familiarity with the aircraft, inadequate supervision by the flight instructor, and improper rigging of the…NTSB CHI03LA026Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportA Pair of Jacks RV-6A · Belton, MOThe punctured nose landing gear tire.NTSB DEN03LA016Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportNorth American T-6G · Elbert, COoverload failure of the cable between the left rudder pedal and the tail wheel, rendering directional control impossible and resulting in an inadvertent ground loop and nose over. Contributing factors were the crosswind and the soft, wet ground.NTSB LAX03LA033Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172M · Rosamond, CAThe fatigue failure of left main landing gear strut at the upper fuselage aft attachment hole, which resulted in the collapse of the left main landing gear during the landing roll.NTSB MIA03LA015Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182Q · Orlando, FLThe poor in-flight planning by the pilot-in-command for his failing to request a runway more aligned with the wind and his failure to maintain directional control after landing resulting in collapse of the nose landing gear and the airplane nosing over.NTSB IAD03LA014Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182P · Lincoln Park, NJThe student pilot's improper power management during the short-field landing procedure, and the flight instructor's delayed remedial action.NTSB DEN03LA015Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150F · Logan, UTThe pilot's premature flare and his failure to maintain airspeed, resulting in a stall. A contributing factor was the dusk light conditions.NTSB LAX03LA046Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182Q · Pacoima, CAThe pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall/mush and hard landing. A factor in the accident was the gusty wind.NTSB LAX03LA030Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182T · Scottsdale, AZThe pilot's failure to apply adequate crosswind compensation, which resulted in a loss of directional control. Factors were the crosswind and the pilot's lack of experience in the make and model of airplane.NTSB LAX03LA028Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBoeing B75N1 · Bermuda Dunes, CAthe pilot's inadequate compensation for gusty crosswind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control.NTSB MIA03LA014Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPilatus PC-12/45 · Foxworth, MSThe pilots failure to properly recover from a stalled/mush/high sink rate condition during an approach and attempted aborted landing into a gusting crosswind, resulting in a hard touchdown, bounced landing, loss of directional control and in-flight collision…NTSB LAX03LA035Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBellanca 7ECA · Livermore, CAThe pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. A factor in the accident was the crosswind.NTSB NYC03LA018Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-18 · Turner, METhe pilot's misjudgment of distance which resulted in an overrun.NTSB ATL03LA015Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-181 · Fayette, ALThe pilot's poor inflight decision to land on a non illuminated runway, and the pilot's failure to maintain clearance during an attempted night landing that resulted in an on ground collision with a parked car. A factor was the light condition.NTSB DEN03LA013Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportMooney M20E · Broomfield, COthe pilot's failure to maintain directional control after landing due to a sheared steering horn attach bolt that should have been replaced by maintenance personnel in compliance with an outstanding service bulletin. Contributing factors included the pilot's…NTSB LAX03LA021Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBoeing A75N1 · Chandler, AZThe pilot's failure to maintain directional control.NTSB ANC03LA011Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportDouglas DC-3 · Port Alsworth, AKThe flightcrew's failure to maintain clearance while landing, which resulted in an in-flight collision with a 25-foot high iron mast. Contributing factors were a downdraft, and a 25-foot high iron mast attached to a tractor.