NTSB investigations, 1996
529 cases where the phase of flight was Landing.
Cases per year
| 1962 | 22 |
|---|---|
| 1963 | 19 |
| 1964 | 2,152 |
| 1965 | 2,293 |
| 1966 | 2,496 |
| 1967 | 2,731 |
| 1968 | 1,964 |
| 1969 | 1,749 |
| 1970 | 1,680 |
| 1971 | 1,626 |
| 1972 | 1,480 |
| 1973 | 1,368 |
| 1974 | 1,387 |
| 1975 | 1,285 |
| 1976 | 1,307 |
| 1977 | 1,222 |
| 1978 | 1,325 |
| 1979 | 1,135 |
| 1980 | 1,123 |
| 1981 | 1,048 |
| 1982 | 939 |
| 1983 | 885 |
| 1984 | 853 |
| 1985 | 739 |
| 1986 | 661 |
| 1987 | 699 |
| 1988 | 605 |
| 1989 | 584 |
| 1990 | 556 |
| 1991 | 503 |
| 1992 | 534 |
| 1993 | 524 |
| 1994 | 516 |
| 1995 | 481 |
| 1996 | 529 |
| 1997 | 508 |
| 1998 | 545 |
| 1999 | 563 |
| 2000 | 517 |
| 2001 | 497 |
| 2002 | 516 |
| 2003 | 515 |
| 2004 | 522 |
| 2005 | 543 |
| 2006 | 470 |
| 2007 | 536 |
| 2008 | 538 |
| 2009 | 474 |
| 2010 | 512 |
| 2011 | 519 |
| 2012 | 500 |
| 2013 | 420 |
| 2014 | 412 |
| 2015 | 422 |
| 2016 | 527 |
| 2017 | 490 |
| 2018 | 518 |
| 2019 | 463 |
| 2020 | 420 |
| 2021 | 455 |
| 2022 | 494 |
| 2023 | 477 |
| 2024 | 477 |
| 2025 | 451 |
| 2026 | 379 |
Where
Latest cases
Query with SQL
duckdb -csv -c "WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e.\"tier1Number\" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e.\"isDefiningEvent\", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e.\"tier1Number\" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e.\"isDefiningEvent\" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT \"mKey\" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE \"isPre1982\"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o.\"occurrenceNumber\" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c.\"eventDate\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c.\"mKey\" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c.\"eventDate\" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c.\"ntsbNumber\", c.\"eventDate\", c.\"eventType\", c.\"eventCity\", c.\"eventStateOrRegion\", a.n_number, a.\"aircraftMake\", a.\"aircraftModel\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\", c.\"totalFatal\", c.\"completionStatus\", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c.\"mKey\" AND a.position = 1
WHERE year(c.\"eventDate\") = 1996
AND c.\"mKey\" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c.\"eventDate\" DESC, c.\"ntsbNumber\" DESC"Prints the whole list as CSV. It reads the release’s Parquet files over HTTPS, so there’s nothing to download first. Install DuckDB to run it.
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE year(c."eventDate") = 1996
AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESCRun it at the DuckDB prompt, or in any tool that reads Parquet over HTTPS. More ways to query the release are on Use the data.
NTSB MIA97LA053Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPacheco Searey · Key Biscayne, FLfailure of the pilot to retract the landing gear before landing the amphibious airplane in water. The pilot's lack of experience/certification/training in seaplanes was a possible factor.NTSB ATL97LA031Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 310Q · Selma, ALThe failure of maintenance personnel to correctly repair and install the pilot's seat.NTSB IAD97LA036Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172N · Manville, NJThe pilot's failure to perform a go-around, and his failure to retract the flaps in increments.NTSB CHI97LA048Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 402A · Menominee, MIice restricting normal brake system, normal braking not possible for the pilot and the pilot's poor in-flight planning. A factor was the pilot not performing a flight to an alternate destination airport.NTSB LAX97LA077Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 140 · Emigrant Gap, CAthe pilot's misjudgment of altitude/clearance while attempting a precautionary landing on a closed, snow covered runway.NTSB FTW97LA069Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAerostar RX-8 · Rio Rancho, NMThe pilot's inadvertent flight into high wind.NTSB LAX97LA074Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 152 · Phoenix, AZthe student pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in an inadvertent porpoise and subsequent overload failure of the nose gear.NTSB FTW97LA068Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportRaven S-60A · Rio Rancho, NMThe passenger's failure to follow recommended procedures to properly brace for a high wind landing. A factor was the windshear.NTSB SEA97LA054Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182M · Vancouver, WAThe pilot-in-command's touchdown with an excessive rate of descent. Factors included gusty crossiwnds.NTSB CHI97LA044Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150 · Jeffersonville, INthe pilot's misjudgment of the landing flare and inadequate airspeed, which resulted in a hard landing.NTSB CHI97LA043Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 170B · Savoy, ILthe student pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors relating to this accident were the student pilot's failure to request another runway and the crosswind.NTSB FTW97LA059Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 340 · El Dorado, TXthe pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. The gusty wind was a related factor.NTSB MIA97LA041Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-22-150 · Pensacola, FLfailure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing roll, which resulted in a ground swerve and subsequent collapse of the nose gear. The crosswind was a related factor.NTSB FTW97LA061Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-24-400 · Broomfield, COfailure of the pilot to maintain proper alignment with the runway, while landing. A factor relating to the accident was: the variable/gusty wind condition with possible windshear.NTSB MIA97LA037Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150M · Knoxville, TNthe student pilot's improper planning/decision, and his failure to maintain proper runway alignment during a crosswind landing. The strong crosswind was a related factor.NTSB FTW97LA056Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBeech A23 · Conway, ARthe pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind during the landing, and his failure to remain clear of the tree during the attempted go-around. The crosswind and the proximity of the small tree were related factors.NTSB CHI97LA040Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBeech B55 · Park Rapids, MNthe pilot's high flare. Factors were the icing weather condition and the airframe ice.NTSB FTW97LA054Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportLet L23 · Bryan, TXthe pilot misjudged his distance and altitude during the landing approach. Factors relating to the accident were: the high obstructions (power lines), and subsequent tailwind during the forced landing.NTSB FTW97LA053Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBellanca 17-30A · Ruidoso, NMfailure of the pilot to maintain directional control during landing roll, and his delayed aborted landing. The gusty crosswind and blown left main tire were considered to be related factors.NTSB LAX97LA064Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172 · Big Bear City, CAthe pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind condition, and his failure to maintain alignment with the runway. The gusty crosswind was a related factor.NTSB FTW97LA052Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportLuscombe 8F · Floydada, TXThe pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind during landing. Factors were the crosswind and the locked left main wheel brake.NTSB LAX97LA062Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182M · Fallbrook, CAthe pilot's selection of a runway with a tailwind component and his maintaining an excessive airspeed on final approach, which resulted in a late touchdown and a high ground speed.NTSB ATL97LA019Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 175 · Soperton, GAfailure of the pilot either to attain the proper touch down point for landing or to abort the landing while there was sufficient runway remaining. The terrain (ditch) at the end of the runway was a related factor.NTSB LAX97LA053Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172P · Van Nuys, CAimproper flare by the pilot during the landing, and his improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a hard landing, dragged wing tip, and a collapsed main gear.NTSB MIA97LA030Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172N · Olive Branch, MSthe pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a ballooned/bounced landing. The gusty wind was a related factor.NTSB MIA97LA029Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportLuscombe 8A · Charlotte, NCfailure of the pilot maintain directional control of the aircraft, while landing. The proximity of trees was a related factor.NTSB CHI97IA034Incident · No injuriesIncident investigationFinal reportAirbus Industrie A-320-211 · Romulus, MIrestricted movement of the autopilot mode engagement/disengagement lever bearing in the rudder artificial feel and trim unit. A factor relating to this incident was: company management not implementing the respective service bulletin.NTSB LAX97LA052Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 152 · Redlands, CAthe pilot's improper landing flare and recovery from a subsequent bounced landing.NTSB LAX97FA050Accident · 3 fatalField investigationFinal reportMooney M20J · Scottsdale, AZthe pilot misjudged the landing flare and failed to maintain directional control after a hard bounced landing.NTSB CHI97LA032Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-140 · Hart, MIthe pilot's failure to maintain directional control on rollout.NTSB SEA97LA031Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 152 · Salt Lake City, UTthe student pilot's improper in-flight planning/decision, which allowed his aircraft to encounter wake turbulence from a Lear Jet, and/or the student allowed the aircraft to stall. The crosswind component from the quartering headwind was a possible factor.NTSB LAX97LA048Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172P · Mesa, AZthe pilot's misjudged landing flare and improper bounced landing recovery technique, which led to an inadvertent porpoise.NTSB DCA97MA009Accident · 14 fatalClass 1 · MajorFinal reportBeech 1900C · Quincy, ILthe failure of the pilots in the King Air A90 to effectively monitor the common traffic advisory frequency or to properly scan for traffic, resulting in their commencing a takeoff roll when the Beech 1900C (United Express flight 5925) was landing on an…NTSB CHI97LA028Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-32R-301T · Lansing, ILthe pilot's improper planning/decision, and his failure to go around, while there was still sufficient runway remaining. The unfavorable wind condition was a related factor.NTSB LAX97LA043Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna T210L · Mesa, AZthe pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft during the landing roll, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve.NTSB FTW97LA043Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 170B · Manvel, TXLoss of aircraft control due to the pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind. A factor was the crosswind.NTSB IAD97IA020Incident · No injuriesIncident investigationFinal reportMcDonnell Douglas MD-88 · Cleveland, OHThe pilot's failure to follow checklist procedures and extend the spoilers.NTSB CHI97LA026Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172P · Waukegan, ILthe pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor was the pilot's misjudging the flare.NTSB MIA97LA019Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBeech A36 · Walnut Cove, NCfailure of the pilot/owner (PIC) to either go around while there was sufficient runway remaining or apply adequate braking to stop the aircraft before overrunning the runway. Factors relating to the accident were: the pilot/owner's misjudgment of distance and…NTSB FTW97LA038Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-18-125 · Westcliffe, COfailure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing.NTSB LAX97LA333Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportMikoyan MiG MIG 15UTI · Fallon, NVThe pilot misjudged his altitude and airspeed. A related factor was his diverted attention.NTSB NYC97LA012Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportSocata TB 9 Tampico · Laurens, NYthe student pilot's selection of an unsuitable area for a precautionary landing. Factors relating to the accident were: the student becoming lost, the subsequent low fuel condition, and the embankment in the emergency landing area.NTSB LAX97LA034Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportMcDonnell Douglas MD-600 · Flagstaff, AZAn uncommanded main rotor blade to tail boom contact due to a 'blowback' phenomena after a successful preplanned autorotation by the pilot to a high density altitude airport with a test aircraft designed at a maximum gross weight.NTSB SEA97LA024Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna A185E · Price, UTThe pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll.NTSB CHI97LA022Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportGalaxy AX8 · Columbia, MOthe pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing. Factors relating to the accident were: the ditch, which was encountered during the landing; and high vegetation, which covered the ditch making it not visible to the pilot.NTSB CHI97LA019Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportMaule MX-7-235 · Hubbard Lake, MIthe pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, and failure to maintain proper alignment with the airstreip during the go-around (aborted landing). The crosswind and proximity of trees were related factors.NTSB NYC97LA010Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28R-200 · Norwood, MAfailure of the pilot to perform a go-around, when an animal obstructed the runway; and his failure to maintain clearance from an obstruction (VASI). Factors relating to the accident were: darkness, an animal (deer) on the runway, and the proximity of the…NTSB CHI97LA023Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150 · Minneapolis, KSthe pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain on which to land the airplane. A factor relating with the accident was: the large rock, which the airplane contacted.NTSB FTW97LA041Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172RG · Tulsa, OKThe failure of the main landing gear pivot gear assembly.NTSB FTW97LA031Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBeech BE-19 · Mckinney, TXthe pilot's inadequate preflight planning/preparation, by selecting a seat/cushion that would not allow adequate knee clearance and ankle movement in the cockpit, which was subsequently attributed to the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during…