NTSB investigations, 1993
524 cases where the phase of flight was Landing.
Cases per year
| 1962 | 22 |
|---|---|
| 1963 | 19 |
| 1964 | 2,152 |
| 1965 | 2,293 |
| 1966 | 2,496 |
| 1967 | 2,731 |
| 1968 | 1,964 |
| 1969 | 1,749 |
| 1970 | 1,680 |
| 1971 | 1,626 |
| 1972 | 1,480 |
| 1973 | 1,368 |
| 1974 | 1,387 |
| 1975 | 1,285 |
| 1976 | 1,307 |
| 1977 | 1,222 |
| 1978 | 1,325 |
| 1979 | 1,135 |
| 1980 | 1,123 |
| 1981 | 1,048 |
| 1982 | 939 |
| 1983 | 885 |
| 1984 | 853 |
| 1985 | 739 |
| 1986 | 661 |
| 1987 | 699 |
| 1988 | 605 |
| 1989 | 584 |
| 1990 | 556 |
| 1991 | 503 |
| 1992 | 534 |
| 1993 | 524 |
| 1994 | 516 |
| 1995 | 481 |
| 1996 | 529 |
| 1997 | 508 |
| 1998 | 545 |
| 1999 | 563 |
| 2000 | 517 |
| 2001 | 497 |
| 2002 | 516 |
| 2003 | 515 |
| 2004 | 522 |
| 2005 | 543 |
| 2006 | 470 |
| 2007 | 536 |
| 2008 | 538 |
| 2009 | 474 |
| 2010 | 512 |
| 2011 | 519 |
| 2012 | 500 |
| 2013 | 420 |
| 2014 | 412 |
| 2015 | 422 |
| 2016 | 527 |
| 2017 | 490 |
| 2018 | 518 |
| 2019 | 463 |
| 2020 | 420 |
| 2021 | 455 |
| 2022 | 494 |
| 2023 | 477 |
| 2024 | 477 |
| 2025 | 451 |
| 2026 | 381 |
Where
Latest cases
Query with SQL
duckdb -csv -c "WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e.\"tier1Number\" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e.\"isDefiningEvent\", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e.\"tier1Number\" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e.\"isDefiningEvent\" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT \"mKey\" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE \"isPre1982\"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o.\"occurrenceNumber\" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c.\"eventDate\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c.\"mKey\" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c.\"eventDate\" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c.\"ntsbNumber\", c.\"eventDate\", c.\"eventType\", c.\"eventCity\", c.\"eventStateOrRegion\", a.n_number, a.\"aircraftMake\", a.\"aircraftModel\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\", c.\"totalFatal\", c.\"completionStatus\", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c.\"mKey\" AND a.position = 1
WHERE year(c.\"eventDate\") = 1993
AND c.\"mKey\" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c.\"eventDate\" DESC, c.\"ntsbNumber\" DESC"Prints the whole list as CSV. It reads the release’s Parquet files over HTTPS, so there’s nothing to download first. Install DuckDB to run it.
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE year(c."eventDate") = 1993
AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESCRun it at the DuckDB prompt, or in any tool that reads Parquet over HTTPS. More ways to query the release are on Use the data.
NTSB LAX94LA088Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportGrumman AA1B-TR2 · Riverside, CAThe pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor related to the accident was: the pilot's improper flare for landing.NTSB MIA94LA041Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-32-300 · Atlanta, GAFailure of the pilot-in-command to apply power after the airspeed decrease just before touchdown and also failure to recover from the bounced landing. Contributing to the accident was the in-flight encounter with wind gusts while on approach to land.NTSB CHI94LA065Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 210M · Festus, MOImproper planning/decision by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were: the icy runway, crosswind and snowbank.NTSB CHI94LA053Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172 · Kimball, NEthe pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. A factor related to the accident was the pilot's lack of total flight experience.NTSB MIA94LA039Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportGrumman G-44A · Leesburg, FLThe pilot misjudged his altitude over glassy water during landing and inadvertently touched down in a flat attitude.NTSB ANC94LA026Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-32 · Port Lions, AKImproper inflight planning and decision-making by the pilot in command. Factors contributing to the accident were the icy runway condition and the tailwind.NTSB LAX94LA070Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBellanca 7ECA · Santa Paula, CAA failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the tailwheel airplane following touchdown. The pilot's lack of total experience in the type of airplane was a factor in the accident.NTSB ANC94LA024Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAeronca 7AC · Juneau, AKThe pilot in command's selection of a sight unsuitable for landing. A factor in the accident was the ditch on the beach.NTSB NYC94IA035Incident · No injuriesIncident investigationFinal reportAirbus Industrie A-300 · Newark, NJThe separation of the right outboard translating cowl on the #2 engine thrust reverser as a result of inadequate bonding material.NTSB LAX94LA068Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 177RG · Santa Monica, CAThe pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point and improper recovery from a bounced landing.NTSB FTW94LA045Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-38-112 · Denton, TXThe cause was the pilot's failure to compensate for existing wind conditions. A factor was the turbulent weather.NTSB CHI94LA042Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBalloon Works Firefly 7-15 · Pratt, KSThe pilot-in-command's failure to maintain clearance from obstacles. Factors contributing to the accident are the pilot's misjudged fuel consumption calculations and the weather (high winds).NTSB NYC94LA031Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 152 · Millbrook, NYThe student pilot's failure to maintain direction control which resulted in an inflight collision with trees. Factors were the student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and his inexperience.NTSB MIA94LA035Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-140 · Hastings, FLThe delayed reaction of the pilot-in-command to compensate for unexpected weather conditions, resulting in damage to the landing gear.NTSB LAX94LA067Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182Q · Grand Canyon, AZthe pilot's use of an excessive approach airspeed and an improper bounced landing recovery technique.NTSB MIA94LA038Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 650 · Tampa, FLThe pic's improper decision to taxi the airplane off the taxiway. Contributing to the accident was the improper wiring of the anti-skid system.NTSB FTW94LA040Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna A185F · Maybell, COThe pilot's failure to ascertain the condition of the landing area. The snow covered condition of the runway was a factor.NTSB ATL94FA024Accident · 1 fatalField investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-180 · Mount Airy, NCThe pilot's improper decision to land downwind, failure to control the aircraft on the ground, and his decision to abort the landing after loss of control and damage to the aircraft on the ground. A factor in the accident was the gusty tail wind at the time…NTSB FTW94LA037Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172N · Albuquerque, NMThe pilot's improper flare.NTSB BFO94LA020Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportRobinson R-22 · Rockland, ME1) The pilot's failure to maintain adequate rotor RPM, 2) the pilot's failure to maintain directional control on landing, resulting in a dynamic rollover.NTSB LAX94LA052Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 152 · Compton, CAwere the noncertificated student pilot's misjudged flare altitude, improper recovery from a bounced landing, and improper use of the left brake. The student pilot's lack of total experience and panic were factors in this accident.NTSB SEA94LA033Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna C-172N · Idaho Falls, IDThe pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point. Factors include tailwind conditions and an airport perimeter fence.NTSB SEA94LA042Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBell 47G3B1 · Mesa, WAThe pilot's improper flare. Factors include excessive airspeed while approaching the flare.NTSB BFO94LA011Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportSchweizer 269C · Elmira, NYA loss of engine power at a critical point on a practice autorotation, and failure of the pilot to attain a flare for the landing. Factors related to the accident were: the adverse wind and downdraft.NTSB SEA94LA032Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 152 · Seattle, WAThe student pilot failed to flare. His diverted attention was a factor.NTSB MIA94LA022Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportScott LONG-EZ · Hernando, FLThe failure of the nose gear down relay on the landing gear retraction/extension assembly for undetermined reasons, resulting in the collapse of the nose wheel on landing, and subsequent nose over.NTSB LAX94LA044Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150 · Las Vegas, NVthe student pilot's failure to execute a go-around, premature flare, and improper use of the flight controls. Factors related to this accident are the student pilot's lack of total experience and diverted attention.NTSB BFO94LA007Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-151 · Greentown, PAThe pilot's selection of the wrong runway, and his delay in attempting a go-around which resulted in an inflight collision with the trees. A related factor was the unfavorable wind.NTSB ATL94LA016Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 310C · Charleston, SCThe failure of the right main landing gear to extend for undetermined reasons.NTSB FTW94IA032Incident · No injuriesIncident investigationFinal reportFairchild SA227-AC · Sugar Land, TXThe partial failure of the hydraulic pump (power pack).NTSB CHI94LA035Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150G · Neosho, MOThe pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control during landing rollout.NTSB SEA94LA027Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportSpringer Christina Minicoupe · Spokane, WAThe pilot in command's failure to maintain a proper descent rate.NTSB LAX94LA039Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBoeing PT-13D · Half Moon Bay, CAImproper planning/decision by the pilot of the second stearman, and his selection of the wrong runway on which to land. A factor related to the accident was: failure of the stearman pilots to obtain pertinent NOTAM information.NTSB FTW94LA024Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBellanca BL17-31ATC · Pagosa Springs, COFailure by the pilot in command to maintain control of the aircraft during landing roll.NTSB CHI94LA030Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportWaco YMF-5 · Valparaiso, INThe pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions while landing in a gusty crosswind. Factors associated with the accident are the gusty crosswind and the pilot's lack of experience in this type airplane.NTSB ANC94LA015Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAeronca 7DC · Goose Bay, AKThe pilot-in-command did not maintain directional control of the airplane. A factor in the accident were the trees adjacent to the side of the runway.NTSB LAX94LA035Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182P · Redding, CAthe pilot's use of an excessive airspeed on final approach, the failure to attain the proper touchdown point on the runway, and, the failure to initiate a go around when it became clear that the aircraft would excessively overshoot the intended touchdown…NTSB SEA94LA028Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 320C · Spirit Lake, IDThe pilot's failure to maintain airspeed. The pilot's failure to maintain directional control was a factor.NTSB LAX94LA031Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 170B · Prescott, AZThe pilot's loss of directional control due to his improper bounced landing recovery technique and the improper use of the rudder controls. A factor in the accident was the pilot's lack of total experience in conventional landing gear aircraft.NTSB NYC94LA024Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper J3 · Greenland, NHThe pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing.NTSB CHI94LA027Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 170B · Maple Plain, MNThe pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions, failure to maintain runway alignment, and failure to maintain adequate airspeed during the aborted landing. Factors related to the accident were: high obstructions and the adverse wind conditions.NTSB NYC94LA019Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-180 · Somerset, PAwas the failure of the pilot to adequately compensate for wind conditions, and maintain directional control. A factor related to the accident were the gusting crosswinds.NTSB LAX94LA029Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBeech 76 · Livermore, CAthe dual student's improper use of the throttle and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.NTSB CHI94LA029Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182N · Onaga, KSthe pilot-in-command's poor pre-flight planning and failure to maintain runway alignment. Factors were the dark light conditions and the lack of runway lights.NTSB FTW94LA017Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172N · Woodville, TXFailure of the pilot in command to maintain control of the aircraft during an aborted landing.NTSB LAX94LA024Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150K · California City, CAFailure of maintenance personnel to assure that the nose wheel axle was properly secured during previous maintenance.NTSB ATL94LA008Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-161 · Lexington, NCThe pilot's failure to maintain directional control during a crosswind landing. A factor was the crosswind condition.NTSB SEA94LA019Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-12 · Hamilton, MTThe pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, and failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's improper flare for landing, the resultant porpoise, and the ditch near the side of the runway.NTSB NYC94LA016Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBeech 58 · Millville, NJthe pilot's inadvertent actuation of the landing gear lever during the landing roll, resulting in the retraction of the landing gear on the runway.NTSB NYC94LA015Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 310L · Tewksbury, MAwas an improperly planned approach, and excessive compensation for the winds by the pilot which resulted in an overrun, and on ground collision with a fence and vehicle. A factor was the gusty crosswinds.