NTSB investigations, 2000
517 cases where the phase of flight was Landing.
Cases per year
| 1962 | 22 |
|---|---|
| 1963 | 19 |
| 1964 | 2,152 |
| 1965 | 2,293 |
| 1966 | 2,496 |
| 1967 | 2,731 |
| 1968 | 1,964 |
| 1969 | 1,749 |
| 1970 | 1,680 |
| 1971 | 1,626 |
| 1972 | 1,480 |
| 1973 | 1,368 |
| 1974 | 1,387 |
| 1975 | 1,285 |
| 1976 | 1,307 |
| 1977 | 1,222 |
| 1978 | 1,325 |
| 1979 | 1,135 |
| 1980 | 1,123 |
| 1981 | 1,048 |
| 1982 | 939 |
| 1983 | 885 |
| 1984 | 853 |
| 1985 | 739 |
| 1986 | 661 |
| 1987 | 699 |
| 1988 | 605 |
| 1989 | 584 |
| 1990 | 556 |
| 1991 | 503 |
| 1992 | 534 |
| 1993 | 524 |
| 1994 | 516 |
| 1995 | 481 |
| 1996 | 529 |
| 1997 | 508 |
| 1998 | 545 |
| 1999 | 563 |
| 2000 | 517 |
| 2001 | 497 |
| 2002 | 516 |
| 2003 | 515 |
| 2004 | 522 |
| 2005 | 543 |
| 2006 | 470 |
| 2007 | 536 |
| 2008 | 538 |
| 2009 | 474 |
| 2010 | 512 |
| 2011 | 519 |
| 2012 | 500 |
| 2013 | 420 |
| 2014 | 412 |
| 2015 | 422 |
| 2016 | 527 |
| 2017 | 490 |
| 2018 | 518 |
| 2019 | 463 |
| 2020 | 420 |
| 2021 | 455 |
| 2022 | 494 |
| 2023 | 477 |
| 2024 | 477 |
| 2025 | 451 |
| 2026 | 371 |
Where
Latest cases
Query with SQL
duckdb -csv -c "WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e.\"tier1Number\" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e.\"isDefiningEvent\", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e.\"tier1Number\" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e.\"isDefiningEvent\" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT \"mKey\" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE \"isPre1982\"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o.\"phaseOfFlightCode\"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o.\"occurrenceNumber\" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c.\"eventDate\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c.\"mKey\" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c.\"eventDate\" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c.\"ntsbNumber\", c.\"eventDate\", c.\"eventType\", c.\"eventCity\", c.\"eventStateOrRegion\", a.n_number, a.\"aircraftMake\", a.\"aircraftModel\", c.\"highestInjuryLevel\", c.\"totalFatal\", c.\"completionStatus\", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c.\"mKey\" AND a.position = 1
WHERE year(c.\"eventDate\") = 2000
AND c.\"mKey\" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c.\"eventDate\" DESC, c.\"ntsbNumber\" DESC"Prints the whole list as CSV. It reads the release’s Parquet files over HTTPS, so there’s nothing to download first. Install DuckDB to run it.
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
current_codes AS (
SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
),
phases AS (
SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
),
case_phases AS (
SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
)
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE year(c."eventDate") = 2000
AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESCRun it at the DuckDB prompt, or in any tool that reads Parquet over HTTPS. More ways to query the release are on Use the data.
NTSB DEN01LA037Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 177 · Las Cruces, NMAn inadvertent stall. Factors were excessive airspeed, excessive flare, and improper recovery from a bounced landing.NTSB CHI01LA056Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150M · Allegan, MIThe proper glide path not maintained by the pilot. A factor to the accident was the deep snow.NTSB IAD01FA021Accident · Minor injuriesField investigationFinal reportJetstream 4101 · Charlottesville, VAThe captain's improper application of power after responding to a beta warning light during landing rollout, which resulted in an excessive rollout speed and an inability to stop the airplane before it reached the end of the runway.NTSB CHI01LA058Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172N · Elkhart, INThe loss of directional control by the student pilot and the inadequate remedial action and inadequate supervision by the certified flight instructor. Factors were the snow and ice covered runway and the snowbank.NTSB SEA01LA034Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportGrumman G-44 · Hermiston, ORThree out of four snap rings holding the pistons for the landing gear actuators failed which resulted in the landing gear collapsing during landing. On ground collision with a berm was a factor.NTSB MIA01LA052Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 305A · Morganton, NCThe failure of the pilot to maintain aircraft control about the aircraft's lateral axis during landing rollout, and the resultant nose over.NTSB DEN01LA035Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-18-135 · Longmont, COthe pilot's failure to mantain directional control during landing roll.NTSB CHI01LA054Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 152 · Sturtevant, WIThe unsuitable terrain for landing selected by the student pilot, the inadequate initial training by the flight instructor, and the flight instructor's decision to send the student pilot on a solo flight in known adverse weather conditions. Factors to the…NTSB MIA01LA049Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportRobinson R-22 Beta · Ciales, PRthe flight crew's failure to follow procedures for a straight-in autorotation with power recovery that resulted in their improper use of collective resulting in a hard landing and substantial damage to the helicopter.NTSB FTW01LA044Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna TR182 · Little Rock, ARthe failure of the right main landing gear actuator.NTSB DEN01LA032Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportMitsubishi MU-2B-60 · Aspen, COA hard landing which exceeded the design stress limits of the aircraft.NTSB DEN01FA030Accident · No injuriesField investigationFinal reportHawker Siddeley HS-125-700 · Jackson, WYThe pilot's failure to follow IFR approach procedures and perform a missed approach when the runway was not in sight below approach minimums. Contributing factors were the copilot's failure to follow current ILS approach procedures and use the correct…NTSB CHI01LA059Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBeech F33A · Winona, MNThe pilot not maintaining directional control during the landing roll. A factor was the snowbank.NTSB FTW01LA038Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBell 206B3 · Hurst, TXthe flight instructor's failure to maintain directional control during the practice hydraulic off run-on landing. Contributing factors were the gusty wind conditions, and the non-breakaway runway edge light.NTSB LAX01LA060Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportJohn D. Lueck Avid Amphibian · Las Vegas, NVThe failure of the landing gear axle for undetermined reasons.NTSB ANC01LA025Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-14 · Anchorage, AKThe delayed remedial action by the pilot/instructor of another airplane during landing. Factors in the accident were the failure of the pilot of another airplane to maintain directional control, and the lack of available brakes to the pilot/instructor of…NTSB MIA01LA044Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAero Vodochody Aero. Works L-39C · Hilton Head Isl, SCthe pilot's improper inflight planning/decision and failure to follow the prelanding checklist, resulting in the landing gear not being lowered in sufficient time to be verified down and locked, which resulted in a wheels up landing and substantial damage to…NTSB FTW01LA037Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-180 · Tulsa, OKthe certified flight instructor's (CFI) failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during landing. A contributing factor was the gusty wind condition.NTSB LAX01LA058Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportRobinson R22 Beta · North Las Vegas, NVThe pilot-in-command's inadequate supervision of the second pilot and delay taking control of the aircraft and implementing remedial action. A factor in the accident was the second pilot's interference with the pilot-in-command's operation of the collective…NTSB DEN01LA024Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172P · Leadville, COthe student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing roll. A contributing factor was the snow bank next to the runway.NTSB FTW01LA040Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCartercopter Model 1 · Olney, TXThe pilot's delay in lowering the collective during a run-on landing, which resulted in a runway overrun. A factor was the muddy terrain.NTSB DEN01LA031Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna R182 · Broomfield, COthe flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the dual student, which resulted in a hard landing. Contributing factors were the dual student flaring the airplane prematurely, resulting in an inadvertent stall/mush.NTSB NYC01LA055Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172M · Mount Sterling, KYThe student pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing.NTSB MIA01LA038Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportGrob G102 · Clermont, FLThe pilot's premature extension of the speed brakes on landing resulting in the glider colliding with trees short of the runway.NTSB NYC01LA054Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportEmbraer 120RT · Charleston, WVDeer on the runway. Factors included reduced visibility due to nighttime lighting and light snow conditions, breaches in the perimeter fence, increased seasonal deer activity, and the rural location of the airport.NTSB LAX01LA061Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAerospatiale AS-350-BA · Henderson, NVThe pilot misjudged his practice approach into a remote pinnacle landing site, dragging a skid across a rock resulting in a hard landing.NTSB SEA01LA027Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-16 · Gleneden Beach, ORThe pilot's excessive application of main wheel brakes. Factors include the pilot's failure to maintain directional control and his inadequate remedial action during his attempt to regain control.NTSB SEA01LA026Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 150C · Pacific City, ORThe pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control during the landing roll. Factors include a higher than normal approach speed.NTSB LAX01LA053Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportHughes 269C · Carlsbad, CAThe CFI's inadequate supervision and failure to maintain control of the helicopter during a practice autorotation. A contributing factor was the student's improper in-flight planning/decision.NTSB LAX01LA050Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182J · Paradise, CAFuel exhaustion during a descent due to an inadequate fuel supply. Contributing factors were the pilot's improper preflight planning, his misjudged altitude while performing the emergency landing, and his lack of certificate qualification and recent flight…NTSB NYC01LA049Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182J · College Park, MDThe pilot's inadequate flare, which resulted in a hard landing. A factor related to the accident was the downdraft wind conditions.NTSB MIA01LA034Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-161 · Melbourne, FLThe student pilot's failure to maintain a visual look out while transitioning from the active runway to a taxiway resulting in an on-ground collision with a taxiway sign.NTSB LAX01LA048Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172N · Marana, AZThe student pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor in the accident was the morning sun, which momentarily restricted the pilot's vision.NTSB DEN01LA025Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 320C · Englewood, COthe failure of the nose landing gear to fully extend due to a bent extension rod.NTSB ATL01LA018Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 172 · Mobile, ALThe pilot's improper flare during landing that resulted in a hard landing and the subsequent overload failure of the nose gear assembly.NTSB LAX01LA046Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 305A · Mokuleia, HIThe pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing crosswind condition, which resulted in a loss of directional control and subsequent ground loop.NTSB NYC01LA042Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-28-161 · Fremont, OHThe pilot's failure to obtain a proper touchdown point while landing. Factors were the pilot's improper weather evaluation, rain, a low ceiling, and a tailwind.NTSB ATL01LA013Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportBeech BE-23-A24R · Jackson, MSDeer on the runway, which forced the pilot to make an evasive maneuver forcing him to the side of the runway and striking the marker lights.NTSB NYC01LA043Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportRobinson R-22 · Londonderry, NHThe pilot's failure to obtain the proper touchdown point.NTSB NYC01LA041Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 182Q · Blacksburg, VAThe pilot's improper flare while landing.NTSB IAD01LA014Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportGick Aerocomp CA6WB · White Post, VAThe pilot's inadequate preflight. Also causal in the accident was the under-inflated tire that flattened and locked during landing, and collapsed the nose landing gear.NTSB DEN01LA015Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportMurdock RAF 2000 GTX · Ogden, UTThe pilot's improper touchdown which resulted in a hard landing. Factors were lack of familiarity with the aircraft and lack of total experience.NTSB CHI01LA039Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportAeronca 7CCM-200 · Corning, IAThe pilot did not adequately compensate for the wind conditions and the subsequent failure to maintain control of the airplane. Factors associated with the accident were the crosswind, the runway light, and the tree.NTSB CHI01LA035Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 177RG · Wautoma, WIthe deer that traveled onto the runway and contacted the airplane. Factors associated with the accident were the night light conditions and the light snow that was falling.NTSB SEA01LA020Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportPiper PA-20 · Ontario, ORInadequate remedial action by the first pilot. The student pilot's improper flare while landing was a factor.NTSB NYC01LA039Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportGrumman American AA-5B · Montauk, NYThe pilot's failure to maintain runway alignment during touchdown and rollout. Factors in the accident were the pilot's inadequate crosswind compensation, and inadequate flare.NTSB LAX01LA044Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 140 · Sacramento, CAThe pilot's failure to maintain directional control on landing rollout.NTSB LAX01LA042Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportEurocopter AS 350B-3 · Mesa, AZThe dual student's misjudged landing flare and level off, which resulted in a heel first touchdown and subsequent hard landing during a practice autorotation. Also causal was the instructor pilot's inadequate supervision of the student.NTSB ANC01LA019Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportCessna 180 · Clarks Point, AKThe pilot's excessive application of the brakes during landing roll. Factors associated with the accident were water on the runway, low tire pressure, a sheared tire valve stem, and a fractured landing gear axle.NTSB NYC01LA035Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal reportRobinson R-22B · Babylon, NYThe student pilot's inadequate use of the collective, and the instructor pilot's inadequate remedial action.